A Blockchain-Based Traceability System in Agri-Food SME: Case Study of a Traditional Bakery

Abstract

In this paper we present a blockchain based system for the supply chain management of a typical Italian bread. Goal of the system is to guarantee a transparent and auditable traceability of the Carasau bread in such a way that each actor of the supply chain can verify the quality of the products and the conformity to the normative about the hygienic-sanitary conditions along the chain. To realize this system we relied on the Blockchain and the Internet of Thing technologies in order to provide a trustless environment, in which trust is placed in cryptography, in mathematical operations and on the network, and not in public or private companies. Thanks to the use of digital technologies the system aims to reduce the data entry errors and the risk of tampering. Our system is designed in such a way that, along the supply chain, the nodes equipped with several sensors directly communicate their data to Raspberry Pi units that elaborate and transmit them to Interplanetary File System and to the Ethereum Blockchain. Furthermore, we designed ad hoc Radio Frequency Identification and Near Field communication tags to shortly supply the proposed system with information about the products and batches. The system will easily allow end consumers to have a transparent view on the whole journey from raw material to purchased final product and a supervisory authority to perform online inspections on the products' quality and on the good working practices.

Blockchain Smart Contract to Prevent Forgery of Degree Certificates: Artificial Intelligence Consensus Algorithm

“…The research method for organizing the verification artificial intelligence Blockchain node for diploma identifies nodes and studies the technology of managing the Blockchain network based on the node group through a node grouping protocol and interface [43]. The research involves studying node technology by aggregating node management technology, node grouping technology, node communication protocol, etc.…”

A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Traceability Implementations

“…Developing fully functional smart contracts and a local private blockchain further shows the model's applicability. In [60] the authors describe a decentralised application for developing and implementing a smart contract to ensure that each link in the bread supply chain can independently verify the safety, quality, and suitability of individual batches and products. The system allows the actors to verify that good hygiene practices are followed, essential for maintaining a sanitary environment to meet the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) requirements.…”

Blockchain as the “trust-building machine” for supply chain management

“…The main differences between the three models lie in the second step of the model where there is trust enhancement between two supply chain partners with the presence of a blockchain. Specifically, for the TTS model, there is no direct linkage between two supply chain parties, yet the two organizations act as trustors who bestow trust to the blockchain (e.g., Cocco et al, 2021 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ). In this scenario, the blockchain plays the role of a trustee who shows a higher capability to perform transactions with the superiority of system security and information transmission speed (e.g., Palas & Bunduchi, 2020 ; Viriyasitavat et al, 2019 ).…”