Previous research shows that the health behavior of immigrants is favorable to that of nativebomn adults in the United States. We utilizepooled data from the 1998-2001 National Health Interview Surveys and multinomial logistic regression techniques to build on this literature and examine the association between acculturation and immigrant smoking and alcohol use. We also examine how acculturation relates to health behaviors by gender. Results indicate that the health behavior of more acculturated immigrant women is less positive than that of less acculturated women. For men, acculturation seems to make little difference for health behavior. Thus, it is important to not only consider how acculturation is related to health, but how the acculturation process differs across population subgroups.

SummaryThis retrospective, observational study assessed 2-year persistence and compliance by treatment, route of administration, and dosing frequency in postmenopausal women initiating a new osteoporosis therapy. Two-year persistence and compliance rates were higher in women receiving injectables compared with oral agents.PurposeThis study extends previous studies limited to 1-year follow-up by examining persistence with osteoporosis therapies over a 2-year period and compares short- and long-term trends in persistence and compliance among postmenopausal women with commercial or Medicare supplemental insurance in the USA.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study enrolled women ≥50 years newly initiating osteoporosis therapy between January 1 and December 31, 2012 (i.e., the index date), with continuous enrollment ≥14 months before and ≥24 months after their index date. Persistence (continuous therapy without a >60-day gap) and compliance with the index therapy were evaluated at 2 years of follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of persistence and compliance across treatment and dosing regimens.ResultsThis study included 43,543 patients with mean (standard deviation) age 65 (10) years. At 2 years of follow-up, persistence and compliance were higher for patients treated with injectable agents (ranging from 34 to 41%, excluding an every-3-month injection) than those treated with oral agents (ranging from 20 to 31%). Additionally, patients initiating oral bisphosphonates (except risedronate once daily), raloxifene (daily), or zoledronic acid (annually) had significantly lower odds of persistence compared with denosumab (every 6 months).ConclusionsPatients initiating injectable therapies had greater persistence and compliance at 2 years than those initiating oral therapies. Patients initiating an every-6-month injection had significantly higher persistence compared with those initiating more frequently dosed (e.g., daily and weekly) oral or injectable agents.

The rapid growth of the Mexican American population and its young age structure have focused increased attention on the long-term prospects of Mexican American youth. This study explores generational differences among these youth, both within and across schools, to determine whether assimilation has positive or negative consequences in the long term for the Mexican American population as a whole. A series of logistic regression models with the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health revealed that rates of academic failure and risk of obesity were higher in the second generation of Mexican American youth, although these generational patterns varied by the interpersonal, behavioral, and demographic characteristics of the student bodies of the schools they attended. Assimilation, therefore, appeared to have different outcomes depending on the time point and local context in question.

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, which leads to reduced production of multiple cell lineages (white blood cells, red blood cells [RBCs], and/or platelets), is a major dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. A previous study reported 56.6% of chemotherapy-treated patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in The US Oncology Network ('Network') had grade ≥3 myelosuppression events in ≥1 lineage and 33.0% in ≥2 lineages after chemotherapy initiation. 1 This study evaluated real-world outcomes in patients with ES-SCLC treated with trilaciclib in the community oncology setting.

Objectives: To compare treatment patterns and costs among psoriasis patients with and without metabolic conditions newly initiating a biologic or apremilast. Methods: Adult patients included had !1 prescription for secukinumab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, etanercept, or apremilast between 01/01/2015 and 08/31/2018 (date of first prescription was index date) and no index drug use in the 12-months pre-index, and continuous enrollment in the 12-month pre-index and 24-month post-index periods. Patients were divided into mutually exclusive treatment cohorts and stratified by their pre-index metabolic condition status. Treatment patterns (adherence, non-persistence, switching, discontinuation, use of combination therapy, and re-initiation) and healthcare costs were compared. Results: Overall, 7773 patients were included; 47.5-56.7% had a metabolic condition. Except for the apremilast group, patients with metabolic conditions had higher discontinuation (secukinumab: 50.6% vs. 43.7%; adalimumab à : 53.9% vs. 48.7%; ustekinumab à : 41.9% vs. 35.1%; etanercept: 42.8% vs. 41.2%; apremilast: 43.1% vs. 46.1%) and switching (secukinumab: 48.1% vs. 41.2%; adalimumab à : 47.8% vs. 41.9%; ustekinumab à : 34.5% vs. 25.3%; etanercept à : 53.6% vs. 51.5%; apremilast: 45.8% vs. 44.6%) than patients without (à p < .05). Patients with metabolic conditions incurred significantly higher costs. Conclusion: Many psoriasis patients initiating biologics or apremilast had metabolic conditions. These patients had higher discontinuation and switching, and significantly higher healthcare costs.