The composition of fingerprints can contain a wealth of information with regard to the donor of the fingerprint. Fatty acids and other related sebaceous materials can be used to classify donor groups, as previously reported. The extraction of these particular materials from the fingerprint entities has proven to be rather tedious and difficult to reproduce on standardised samples. We present a two step method to obtain a broad spectrum of sebaceous materials from fingerprints in high yields with good reproducibility. By dissolving the fingerprint material in MeOH in the presence of TMSCl the fatty acids are esterified to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. During this extraction some of the other sebaceous materials are extracted as well. Only in a consecutive extraction with CHCl 3 is an optimal extraction of the fatty content of a fingerprint achieved.

 RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de níveis crescentes de enzima fitase em dietas para suínos em fase de crescimento, por meio do uso de modelagem matemática. Foram utilizados dados de 20 leitões mestiços, machos castrados, pesando em média, 26,8kg. Os animais ficaram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais para a coleta de fezes e urina, onde permaneceram por um período de 17 dias. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. A dieta experimental fornecida aos leitões foi à base de milho e farelo de soja, suplementada com cinco níveis crescentes de enzima fitase (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000UF/kg), correspondendo a 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,03 e 0,04%, respectivamente. As variáveis avaliadas foram: ingestão, excreção, fluxo e refluxo do P nos compartimentos (trato digestivo, corrente sanguínea, tecidos moles e ossos). A enzima fitase não interferiu no P consumido (P>0,05 (F 10 ), no P excretado na urina (F 02 ), no fluxo e refluxo do P nos ossos (F 32 e F 23 ) e nos tecidos moles (F 42 e F 24 ), entretanto observou-se redução no P excretado nas fezes (F 01 ) em 8,92%; 26,76%; 22,53% e 28,64% para os níveis 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000UF/kg, respectivamente, e efeito linear positivo para o P endógeno (F 12 ). Pode-se utilizar dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja com 50% de P por fosfato bicálcico, adicionando-se 250UF/kg de dieta para suínos em crescimento, o que reduz em 27% as excreções de P nas fezes.Palavras-chave: fitase, fitato, fósforo, poluição ambiental, nutrição, suínos ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of including increasing levels of phytase enzyme in

-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of cashew bagasse bran as well as the performance of swine fed diets with different levels of inclusion of this by-product and their economic viability. In the digestibility trial, ten crossbred barrows weighing 60±6.86 kg were housed in metabolic cages. Five received standard feed and five received test feed with 300 g kg −1 cashew bagasse bran included. For the performance and economic viability study, forty crossbred pigs weighing 60±5.24 kg were allotted in a randomized block design with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 g kg −1 inclusion of cashew bagasse bran) and four replications. Daily feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion, partial gross income with and without allowance index, and partial net income with and without allowance index were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The treatment with 75 g kg −1 cashew bagasse bran provided the best results. Cashew bagasse bran can be included in the diet of finishing pigs up to the level of 300 g kg −1 without adversely affecting animal performance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of including cashew bagasse bran (CBB) as a food ingredient in qualitative feed restriction programs on the carcass traits and meat quality of barrows and gilts. Twenty-four crossbred pigs (12 barrows and 12 gilts) were used, with an average initial body weight of 57.93 ± 3.67 kg/LW. The experimental design was a randomized block 3x2 factorial arrangement with three levels (0%, 15% and 30% CBB), two sexes (barrows and gilts) and four repetitions. The treatments were composed of the basal diet (BD) formulated with corn, soybean meal and a commercial base mix for finishing pigs, to which different levels of CBB were added. At the end of the trial period, the animals were slaughtered for the evaluation of the meat quality and carcass traits. The inclusion of CBB in the diets did not affect the carcass traits of the gilts but affected the carcass traits of the barrow positively, increasing theyield of meat in the chilled carcass and reducing the thickness of subcutaneous fat. In the longissimus dorsi muscle and in the adipose tissue of the pigs, the myristic (C14:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and arachidonic (C20:4) fatty acids were evaluated, and no effect was observed (P>0.05) from the levels of CBB in the diets. In the comparisons between the sexes, a greater concentration of C20:4 fatty acid was observed in the carcass of the gilts. In this context, CBB was considered for use as a feed ingredient in programs of qualitative feed restriction for finishing pigs. Key words: Alternative food. Fat. Nutrition. Pig farming. ResumoObjetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos do farelo do bagaço de caju (CBB) como ingrediente de rações em programas de restrição alimentar sobre as características da carcaça e da qualidade da carne de suínos machos castrados e fêmeas. castrados e 12 fêmeas) com peso médio inicial de 57,93 ± 3,67 kg/PV. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três níveis (0%, 15% e 30% de CBB), dois sexos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por uma dieta basal (DB) formulada com milho, farelo de soja e núcleo comercial para suínos em terminação, contendo diferentes níveis de CBB. No final do período experimental os animais foram abatidos para a avaliação da carcaça e da qualidade de carne. A inclusão de CBB nas dietas não afetou a qualidade das carcaças das fêmeas, mas interferiu positivamente nas carcaças dos machos castrados, aumentando o rendimento de carne na carcaça resfriada e reduzindo a espessura de toucinho. Foram identificados no músculo Longissimus dorsi e no tecido adiposo das fêmeas e machos castrados os ácidos graxos Mirístico, C14:0; Palmitoléico, C16:1; Oléico, C18:1; Linoléico, C18:2; Linolênico C18:3 e Aracdônico C20:4, mas, não foram afetados (P>0,05) pelos níveis de CBB nas dietas. Quando se comparou os resultados entre sexo, observouse maior concentração do ácido graxo araquidônico na carcaça das fêmeas. Neste contex...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of qualitative dietary restriction diet on carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid profile, and performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing cashew bagasse bran. Forty pigs (20 females and 20 males) with initial weight of 60.00±5.24 kg of body weight (BW) were used. The diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, cashew bagasse bran, vegetable oil, and mineral and vitamin mixture for finishing pigs. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments and four replicates, with two animals per experimental unit, one of each sex. Parameters related to performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acids profiles were used. The treatments used in the experiment did not affect feed intake and daily weight gain; however, in relation to feed conversion, a linear effect was observed with the increase of cashew bagasse bran levels in the diet. The same effects were also observed in carcass yield, backfat thickness, and fat area. The meat:fat ratio increased linearly with the increase of fiber in the diet. The level of 22.5% of cashew bagasse bran in finishing pig diets is recommended.

Partição do P excretado nas fezes e urina de suínos em fase de crescimento, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de enzima fitasePartition of the P excreted in the faeces and urine of growing pigs, fed with diets containing different levels of Phytase enzyme

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