Background Pandoraea species are considered emerging pathogens in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) and are difficult to identify by conventional biochemical methods. These multidrug resistant bacteria remain poorly understood particularly in terms of natural resistance, mechanisms of acquired resistance and impact on the prognosis of the disease and the lung function. Among them, Pandoraea sputorum has been previously described in few cases of CF patients from Spain, Australia, France and United States, underlining the need of more clinical data for a better knowledge of its pathogenicity. This is the first report relating to P. sputorum in a CF patient in Argentina.Case presentation Pandoraea sputorum was identified in a nine-year-old cystic fibrosis patient from Argentina, after treatment failure during an exacerbation. The isolates were successfully identified by combining molecular techniques based on 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) methods, after reassessing previous misidentified isolates by conventional methods. After first isolation of P. sputorum, patient’s clinical condition worsened but later improved after a change in the treatment. Although isolates showed susceptibility to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and imipenem, in our case, the antibiotic treatment failed in the eradication of P. sputorum.ConclusionsAll combined data showed a chronic colonization with P. sputorum associated to a deterioration of lung function. We noted that the presence of P. sputorum can be underestimated in CF patients and MALDI-TOF MS appears to be a promising means of accurate identification of Pandoraea species.

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The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) is unusual and its clinical interpretation is difficult. We describe here three cases of SSTI due to S. pneumoniae in patients admitted to the Provincial Pediatric Hospital of Misiones, Argentina that were detected during 10 years of invasive disease (ID) surveillance documented in 2010, 2011 and 2015. These cases involved two girls aged 8 and 7 months old, and a two-year-old male child with diagnoses of gluteal abscess, preseptal cellulites and pyoderma respectively. All the patients were eutrophic and in good general condition on admission; one of them was seropositive for HIV. Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes were framed within the local epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease. Despite its low frequency, S. pneumoniae as an etiological agent of SSTI must be considered. Our findings revalue the role of the diagnostic laboratory and contribute to document the behavior of this pathogen.