No abstract

US and CT have high diagnostic performance in evaluating thyroid cartilage invasion. US is more sensitive than CT in diagnosing invasion of the thyroid cartilage; however, the difference is not statistically significant. US can be used to solve the diagnostic dilemma of the presence or absence of cartilage invasion when CT is inconclusive, as CT is more widely used in staging laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.

Objective The aim of the study is to see the prevalence of different molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients among two different age groups: ≤40 years and >40 years. Materials and Methods Retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019. We studied 568 cases of breast carcinoma and classified them into four molecular subtypes—luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER 2), and triple negative. Cases were divided into two different groups: (1) ≤40 years and (2) >40 years. Statistical Analysis was done by using SPSS software version 20.0. Results Out of 568 cases, 151 (26.6%) were ≤40 years of age and 417 (73.4%) were >40 years of age. The most common histological subtype of breast cancer was ductal carcinoma in 548 cases and the most common grade was grade III. Immunohistochemistry was done in 432 patients. In younger age group, the most common molecular subtype was luminal B (31%) followed by triple negative (20%), luminal A (14%), and then HER 2 (5.3%), while in the older age group most common molecular subtype was luminal B (27.8%) followed by triple negative (14%), HER 2 (12.2%), and then luminal A (12%). Conclusion Luminal B is found to be the most common subtype in Northeast Indian women with breast cancer, as compared with other studies in which luminal A was the most common subtype. This could be due to the reason that Ki-67 was not done in most of the other studies.

No abstract

Background: There are very few studies on the comparative diagnostic value of CEA and Ca19.9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study was to access the clinical relevance of CEA and CA19.9 in ESCC and to determine whether combined use of these marker could improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Material and Method: Venous blood Samples were collected from total 68 individuals, divided into two categories, group 1 includes 18 healthy individuals and group 2 includes 50 patients with already diagnosed cases of ESCC prior to any treatment. Tests were performed to estimate the value of CEA and Ca19.9. Different statistical analysis has been performed to derive a clinically meaningful value.Results: The mean serum CEA and CA 19.9 levels and also the ratio of CEA/Ca19.9 were higher in patients with ESCC than healthy subjects. In ESCC, the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for CEA were determined as 48% and 94% and for CA19.9 were determined as 76% and 72% respectively, whereas combined analysis of CEA/CA19.9 were lower than individual value in patients. Over all accuracy rate was better with CA19. The diagnostic power of CEA and CA19-9 as a screening test for ESCC were assessed by ROC curve analysis. The cut-off value for CEA and CA19-9 in ESCC were found to be 2.9 2 ng/ml and 7.4 ng/ml and were found to be above the cut-off value in 25 (50%) and 42 (84%) of the patients with ESCC respectively.Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that serum CA19.9 has a higher positivity than serum CEA in esophageal cancer. The combined use of CA19-9 and CEA (ratio) could not increase the diagnostic sensitivity in esophageal cancers in our study.

BACKGROUND To screen asymptomatic rural women for High Risk HPV DNA by CareHPV test and cytological screening by Papanicolaou (PAP) test. METHOD A total of Four hundred eighty (n=480) sexually active, non pregnant women in the age group of 20- 70 years were included in this study. Two cervical scrap samples were collected from enrolled eligible women, one scrap sample was used for HPV testing (CareHPV) and second for Papanicolaou (PAP) testing. Statistical analysis for testing outcome with demographic characteristics was analyzed using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for different variables. P-values<.05 values were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among tobacco chewing group of women compared to non-tobacco chewing women positivity rate for high risk HPV (p-0.001) and PAP test (p-0.007) was found to be statistically significant. Alcoholic beverage consuming women group has shown 28 times higher risk of high risk HPV infection (OR-28.3; p-0.0001) compared to non-alcoholic women. Irregular menstruation was found to be significant risk factor for PAP positivity (OR-14.33; p-0.001). High risk HPV infection (p-0.02) and PAP positivity (p-0.0001) was significantly higher in cloth sanitary pad user compared to commercial sanitary pad user. We also found that >3 numbers of childbirth as a significant risk factor for hr-HPV infection (p-0.0122). CONCLUSION We conclude that among rural women of Kamrup, North-East India alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing, cloth sanitary pad reuse , >3 child birth were significantly associated with increased risk of hr-HPV infection and PAP positivity.

Superficial acral fibromyxoma (SAF) is a rare, distinctive benign soft tissue lesion that often involves the fingers and toes, with the great toe being the most frequently affected site. We report a case of SAF diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by histopathology. The pre-operative cytological diagnosis will help the surgeon to plan for a wider excision that prevents recurrence.

No abstract