Introduction Non-spontaneous vaginal delivery, such as cesarean delivery and operative vaginal deliveries, provides births other than regular vaginal pregnancy. In taking effective steps to minimize the caesarean section rate and the issues associated with it, it would be useful to examine the determinants of instrumental deliveries and their key indications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine magnitude and related factors of non-spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods Facility-based analytical cross-sectional study design was used. A total sample size of 383 was used. All mothers who gave birth during data collection period and fulfill inclusion criteria were included in the study. Interviewer-administered data collection method was used. Data were entered in Epi-data and exported to SPSS to analyze both descriptive and advanced analysis. Results About 24.4% of mothers’ mode of delivery was non-spontaneous vaginal delivery. Those mothers whose occupation was housewives were 2.8 times more likely to give birth through non-spontaneous vaginal delivery than mothers whose occupation was teachers (AOR = 2.8 95% CI 1.103–7.261). Mothers with grand multipara were less likely to give birth through non-spontaneous vaginal delivery than nulliparous (AOR = 0.10 95% CI 0.022–0.468) and primipara (AOR = 0.17 95% CI 0.041–0.671). Mothers with complications during pregnancy were 3 times more likely to give birth via non-spontaneous vaginal delivery than mothers without complications during pregnancy. Mothers with non-macrosomic neonates and female neonatal sex were less likely experiencing to give birth through non-spontaneous vaginal delivery as compared to their respective reference groups. Conclusion Magnitude of non-spontaneous vaginal delivery was high in this study. Being a housewife, having complications during pregnancy, nullipara and primipara, macrosomic fetus and male neonate were associated with outcome variable. Attention should be given for the housewives, experiencing complication during pregnancy, a fetus with big weight and male neonatal sex in order to minimize risks of non-spontaneous delivery.
Background. Tobacco is the only legal product that kills a large number of its consumers when used as intended by producers. Information on cigarette smoking and associated factors among adults at the household level is very limited. Objective. To assess prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors among residents of Hossana town, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study design was performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of cigarette smoking. Variables significant at a p value of less than 0.05 were considered as independent predictors. Hosmer and Lemeshow test statistics were done to test the model fitness for the final model. Similarly, multicollinearity was checked by using collinearity statistics (tolerance and VIf). Result. In total, 591 people responded to the survey, resulting in a 98.2% response rate. Among the study participants, cigarette smokers were 183 (31.0%). Educational status, alcohol use, and parental smoking were all found to have a significant relationship with cigarette smoking among research participants in Hosanna town. When compared to people with a college education or above, illiterates are approximately nine times more likely to consume cigarettes (95% CI = 9.058 (3.52, 22.469)). Alcoholics are about twice as likely as nondrinkers to smoke cigarettes (95% CI = 2.288 (1.548, 3.383)). Those who have cigarette-smoking parents are approximately twice as likely as their counterparts to smoke cigarettes (95% CI = 2.288 (1.548, 3.383)). Conclusion. According to this survey, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was high. Furthermore, cigarette smoking was linked to illiteracy, alcohol consumption, and parental smoking in this study.
Background Prostate cancer is a disease of the prostate gland. It is a recognized tumour in men and is common worldwide. It is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Worldwide, prostate cancer screening continues to be a highly contested topic with a variety of differences in recommendations for screening uptake. However, for men considered to be at risk, screening continues to be the most effective method for lowering death through early identification of prostate cancer. Objective To determine prostate cancer screening practice and associated factors among adult men in public health facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional design was used. All adult men, whose age >40 years attending public health facilities found in Hossana town were included in this study. From each public health facility, representative numbers of participants who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 422 sample sizes of adult men were used. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants in each health facility. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data. Both descriptive and advanced analyses were performed using SPSS software version 26.0. In bivariable analysis, variables with a p-value <0.25 were considered for multivariable analysis. Finally, odds ratio with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 were used to declare factors as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results About 7.2% (30) of the participants were screened for prostate cancer in this study. Ever heard about prostate cancer [AOR=26 (7.06–96.90)], family history of prostate cancer [AOR=15.5(5.18–46.77)] and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening [AOR= 6.8(1.95–23.64)] were identified independent predictors for prostate screening practice. Conclusion In this study, prostate cancer screening practice is low. Ever heard about prostate cancer, family history of prostate cancer and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening were independent predictors of prostate cancer screening practice. Intervention measures aiming to increase awareness about prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening should be done.
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