Combining the advantages of the sol-gel method and solvothermal method, the single anatase phase of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2) with high crystallinity had been prepared by means of the sol-solvent thermal improved process, in which butyl titanate was used as titanium source; anhydrous ethanol as solvent; concentrated nitric acid as inhibitor; and cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersants. The analysis results of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterizations indicated that CTAB-modified TiO 2 with the optimum ratio had the most apparent dispersibility and the highest specific surface area compared with unmodified TiO 2 , SDBS-modified TiO 2 , and PEG-modified TiO 2. At the same time, the photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange could be improved to 99.16%. It indicated that the modification effect of CTAB was significantly better than those of SDBS and PEG, which made the nanoparticles uniformly dispersed, resulting in higher photocatalytic activity.

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Anatase TiO2 anchored on graphene oxide (GO) can be synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method.