Adaptive materials with reconfigurable surface topography in response to external environments have attracted considerable attention in various fields. Here, adaptive superamphiphilic organohydrogels with reconfigurable surface topography are reported, featuring a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can simultaneously adapt to different surrounding mediums and reversibly switch between hydrogel-and organogeldominated surface reconfigurations to realize adaptive superhydrophilic and superoleophilic transitions. Meanwhile, these adaptive organohydrogels possess a heteronetwork complementary effect to elicit surface self-healing capacity. Importantly, owing to these organohydrogels' reversible wettability transition, excellent surface morphing performance and bioinspired strategy, various geometrically complex biomimetic topographies can be programmed, offering unique unidirectional transport for opposite-featured liquids in multimedia environments. Smart organohydrogel-based microfluidic devices are also developed for on-demand remote programming of liquid transport. Therefore, the organohydrogels suggest a reconfigurable surface topography design strategy, and would act as adaptive programmable materials for smart surface applications.

for applications in aerospace, smart devices, and biomedical materials. [1][2][3] Among these materials, shape-morphing polymers (SMPs) are particularly attractive because their forms can be programmed to perform transformations or motions in response to external stimuli (e.g., temperature, light, solvent, and electric fields). [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Currently, two general approaches are used to obtain unparalleled shape-programming flexibility. The first involves geometric assistances to produce complex SMP shapes, such as kirigami and origami art, as well as 3D printing. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Alternatively, another approach is through the use of an innovational polymer network design, which employs functional components to expand the programmability of SMPs. [18][19][20][21][22][23] For example, SMPs with dynamic covalent polymer networks and reversible crosslinking netpoints exhibit unique shape reconfiguration and programmability. [18][19][20][21] However, despite these exciting prospects, most SMPs with the single control routes only allow complex temporary shapes to recover a former permanent state, ultimately limiting the versatility of these materials and our ability to control them for complex applications. Owing to the intrinsic restriction of the permanently crosslinked polymer network, such single programming inevitably lacks a mechanism Programmable materials that can change their inherent shapes or properties are highly desirable due to their promising applications. However, among various programmable shape-morphing materials, the single control route allows temporary states to recover the unchangeable former state, thus lacking the sophisticated programmability for their shape-encoding behaviors and mechanics. Herein, dual-programmable shape-morphing organohydrogels featuring supramolecular heteronetworks are developed. In the system, the metallo-supramolecular hydrogel framework and micro-organogels featuring semicrystalline comb-type networks independently respond to different stimuli, thereby providing orthogonal dual-switching mechanics and ultrahigh mechanical strength. The supramolecular heteronetworks also possess excellent self-healing properties. More notably, such orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks demonstrate hierarchical shape morphing performance that far exceeds conventional shape-morphing materials. Utilizing this dual programming strategy of the orthogonal supramolecular heteronetworks, the material's permanent shape can be manipulated in a step-wise shape morphing process, thereby realizing sophisticated shape changes with a high degree of freedom. The organohydrogels can act as a biomimetic smart device for the on-demand control of unidirectional liquid transport. Based on these characteristics, it is anticipated that the supramolecular organohydrogels may serve as adaptive programmable materials for a variety of applications. Gel MaterialsProgrammable materials are capable of changing their inherent shapes or exquisite properties to adapt to complex environments a...

To promote drop mobility, lubricating the gap between liquid drop and solid surface is a facile method which has been widely exploited by nature. Examples include lotus and rice leaves using entrapped air to "lubricate" water and Nepenthes pitcher plant using a slippery water layer to trap insects. Inspired by these, here, we report a strategy for transporting drop cargoes via the unidirectional spreading of immiscible lubricants on the peristome-mimetic surface. Oleophilic/hydrophobic peristome-mimetic surfaces were fabricated through replicating three-dimensional printed samples. The peristome-mimetic surface, via unidirectional immiscible hexadecane spreading, can transport a wide diversity of drop cargoes over a long distance with no loss with controllable drop volumes and velocities, hence mixing multiphase liquids and even reacting liquids. We anticipate this unidirectional drop cargo transport technique will find use in microfluidics, microreactors, water harvesting systems, etc.

Nanocomposite fibers have attracted intensive attentions owing to their promising applications in various fields. However, the fabrication of nanocomposite fibers with super toughness and strong strength under mild conditions remains a great challenge. Here we present a facile flow-induced assembly strategy for the development of super-tough and strong nanocomposite fibers with highly ordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can be induced by directional and fast flow on a grooved hydrogel surface. The prepared nanocomposite fibers show excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength up to 643±27 MPa and toughness as high as 77.3±3.4 MJ m −3 at ultimate strain of 14.8±1.5%. This versatile and efficient flow-induced alignment strategy represents a promising direction for the development of high-performance nanocomposites for practical applications.