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Nanocomposite fibers have attracted intensive attentions owing to their promising applications in various fields. However, the fabrication of nanocomposite fibers with super toughness and strong strength under mild conditions remains a great challenge. Here we present a facile flow-induced assembly strategy for the development of super-tough and strong nanocomposite fibers with highly ordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can be induced by directional and fast flow on a grooved hydrogel surface. The prepared nanocomposite fibers show excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength up to 643±27 MPa and toughness as high as 77.3±3.4 MJ m −3 at ultimate strain of 14.8±1.5%. This versatile and efficient flow-induced alignment strategy represents a promising direction for the development of high-performance nanocomposites for practical applications.

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