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This paper proposes decentralized improved synergetic excitation controllers (ISEC) for synchronous generators to enhance transient stability and obtain satisfactory voltage regulation performance of power systems. Each generator is considered as a subsystem, for which an ISEC is designed. According to the control objectives, a manifold, which is a linear combination of the deviation of generator terminal voltage, rotor speed and active power, is chosen for the design of ISEC. Compared with the conventional synergetic excitation controller (CSEC), a parameter adaptation scheme is proposed for updating the controller parameter online in order to improve the transient stability and voltage regulation performance simultaneously under various operating conditions. Case studies are undertaken on a single-machine infinite-bus power system and a two-area four-machine power system, respectively. Simulation results show the ISEC can provide better damping and voltage regulation performance, compared with the CSEC without parameter adaptation scheme and the conventional power system stabilizer.

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Graphical AbstractHighlights d The surface tension of mESC colony is dynamically evolved during proliferation d A 3D supracellular actomyosin cortex assembles around the colony surface of mESCs d The compressive stress inside mESC colony facilitates pluripotency gene expression d The 3D supracellular actomyosin cortex contributes to blastocyst development In BriefCells in an embryonic stem cell colony synergistically generate compression force by dynamically assembled cytoskeleton to facilitate the maintenance of colony morphology and pluripotency gene expression.

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