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Gazetting the tens of thousands of protected areas needed to meet Aichi Target 11 will increase the need for competent management. Many of these protected areas will rely on tourism and visitation for at least part of the funding needed for the effective management also called for in Target 11. Managing tourism and visitation requires a number of needed competencies that provide frameworks for leadership. These competencies involve strategic thinking, planning and operational domains. Given that tertiary education is unlikely to provide in the short term the kind of educational background needed, developing continuing education programmes and communities of practice can help fill this need. need for management. During the 2003 World Parks Conference sessions on capacity building, little mention was made of the need for capabilities to manage tourism despite the fact that tourism exists in many areas. Some managers hold that that the role of protected areas to preserve natural heritage relegates tourism to a minor use. Others are more accepting (Luo & Lawson, 2011). Within this context, managing protected areas for tourism and visitation in a way that minimizes their negative impacts on biodiversity, enhances support for management, provides visitors with opportunities to learn about the role of biodiversity in human life and provides local residents with opportunities to improve their livelihoods is imperative. Many of the world's 157,000 protected areas now listed in the World Database on Protected Areas (World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2012) have some potential for tourism development. Tourism management must be viewed as an integrated component in the stewardship of these areas. The current need is large because many managers have little background in tourism and visitation and see a

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