We provide a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Laelia alliance based on sampling of 20 of an estimated 24 species, and seven plastid regions plus nrITS 1 & 2 analyzed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Furthermore, we used coded indels to evaluate their effect on the phylogenetic relationships and/or support values (bootstrap and posterior probabilities). Our results confirm the existence of two clades, the long known Laelia (endemic to México at middle to high elevations) and Schomburgkia (a more widely distributed taxon). Both clades were strongly supported by PP values and moderate BS; thus, we preferred to recognize them as separate genera with a reappraised morphology and taxonomic delimitation. The inclusion of coded indels in the analyses was of great utility; we could identify the probable hybrid origin of L. gouldiana and L. halbingeriana. We propose new combinations to accommodate the taxonomic changes resulting from our study. We transfer L. anceps subsp. anceps, L. anceps subsp. dawsonii, L. aurea, L. mottae, and L. rubescens to Schomburgkia, with the second taxon elevated to species level; the molecular evidence together with previous published work on the morphology, phenology and geography of the group support these decisions. Lastly, the recently described genus Encabarcenia is considered as a synonym of Schomburgkia and, as a result, a new combination is proposed.
Two new species and one new nothospecies of Tacinga from semi-arid Eastern Brazil are described. The new taxa were discovered on the basis of material collected during field trips carried out by staff of the Cactarium Guimarães Duque of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido. A morphologic comparison of all the Tacinga species currently known, together with the cytogenetic analysis of the new taxa, are made. Full descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic discussions for all three new taxa are given as well as an identification key for all known Tacinga species. IUCN categories for the new taxa were assessed, resulting as endangered or critically endangered, due to their small population size and restricted distribution.
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Taxonomic notes in AmericanPolystachya (Orchidaceae): the identity of P. foliosa (Hook.) Rchb.f. and the reestablishment of P. caracasana Rchb.f Author(s): Lizandro N.
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Cryptocentrum misasii P.Ortiz & Carnevali is described and illustrated. This distinctive, showy new species has been collected only once in western Colombia at Cerro Mecana, Serranía del Baudó (Chocó), at 800-1000 m elevation. Cryptocentrum misasii is easily distinguished from all other species of Cryptocentrum by its large white flowers. On morphological grounds, it is referable to subgenus Cryptocentrum due to its monopodial habit, distichous leaves, and ovary plus spur totally enclosed by the floral bract. Within subgenus Cryptocentrum, C. misasii is most similar to C. dodsonii, from which it is amply distinct by its large flowers with sepals of up to 24.5 mm (vs. 9.5-16.0 mm in C. dodsonii) and white perianth segments (vs. bright yellow to yellow or yellow-green in C. dodsonii). Identifications are provided for the Cryptocentrum species featured in Dr. Misas-Urreta's book on the orchids of the Serranía del Baudó. The conservation status of the species was assessed as Critically Endangered (D) by the IUCN criteria.
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