The purpose of this study is to empirically verify Ajzen's theory in the Polish academic environment, however, the TPB was extended by one more variable-attitude towards risk. Research Design & Methods: We decided to use a survey questionnaire among students. The survey was conducted among seven universities in Krakow. Out of 1,100 sent questionnaires, we received 719 fully completed and corrected questionnaires, it means that the return rate is 65.4%. The questionnaire was divided into 14 thematic blocks-their elements explain the entrepreneurial intentions. Findings: The statistical calculations confirmed that three Ajzen's independent variables, such as attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control determine the entrepreneurial intentions of the investigated students. Additionally, we found out that the risk attitude is also a determinant in a similar way, and entrepreneurial intentions differ between business and nonbusiness students. Implications & Recommendations: Shaping the entrepreneurial mindset of young people is one of the most important roles of the contemporary education system, including the tertiary education. Future studies should seek new factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students, facts that will be complementary to TPB and EEM models. Contribution & Value Added: The study extended Ajzen's TPB of risk propensity as a separate variable describing the attitude towards entrepreneurship. Article type: research paper
The objective of this paper is to evaluate determinants of the general FDI flow to Visegrad countries and the effect of participation in EMU and EU. Research Design & Methods: It was decided to investigate how augmented Gravity Model of trade allows identifying and evaluating the significance of pull and push factors of FDI. In an empirical analysis of panel data Hausman-Taylor estimator was used because of the time-invariant variables presence. Findings: While investment decisions regarding the choice of country are determined by the size of the target market, the distance is still a negative factor in creation of FDI volume. Additionally, it was proven that membership in EMU, differences in taxation, historical background, access to the sea and prices stability have significant impact of FDI stock formation in each country belonging to V4. Is was also noted that Poland became a leader of the V4 as well as EU-12 FDI market sourcing from the old EU Member States. Implications & Recommendations: It is necessary to develop an "FDI attracting mechanism" using existing resources. Business regulations and taxation policy as well as main macroeconomic variables which are responsible for the economy standing are also examined as attracting the FDI flow. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in studying some aspects of FDI inflow into the group of both similar and different countries in economic measures terms.
The main objective of the article is to verify the impact of inward FDI on domestic entrepreneurship in four Visegrad countries in the years 2000-2012. The reliable sources of data were used, among them statistical data of Eurostat, and UNDP. The relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship can be confirmed as basing on the OLS regression there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the stock FDI and the entrepreneurship rate, however the impact of FDI was different in different analysed countries -the strongest in Slovakia, while the weakest in Hungary.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and productivity in sectors of the Visegrad Group one decade after their accession to the EU. In order to account for sample heterogeneity, as well as productivity differences, we construct a generalized true random-effects model with varying efficiency distribution. We find that FDI has a positive impact on the Visegrad Group’s sectors and that its effectiveness depends upon the technological gap between the host and home economy. There are three sources of this positive impact: (i) sectoral output and labour productivity growth, (ii) more effective use of input factors, and via (iii) higher efficiency component of the total factor productivity (TFP). These sources form a three-way transmission mechanism through which FDI can impact economic growth conditioned upon FDI effectiveness due to the technological gap.
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