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The effects of different levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and sucrose on anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Cleome rosea were investigated. Cultures were established in liquid MS medium containing 30 g l -1 sucrose and supplemented with 0.90 lM 2,4-D. Proliferating cell suspension cultures achieved the highest growth capacity, a fourfold increase in biomass accumulation, following subculture at the exponential growth phase, 14-18 days of culture. Moreover, the presence of 2,4-D was essential for anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation. On the other hand, increasing levels of sucrose above 30 g l -1 resulted in a drastic reduction in biomass accumulation. Anthocyanin production was highest in cell suspension cultures grown on halfstrength MS medium (1/2 MS), 30 g l -1 sucrose, and 0.45 lM 2,4-D. These cell suspension cultures were mainly composed of small aggregates of spherical cells with similar morphology observed in anthocyanin-producing and non-producing cultures. Moreover, microscopic analysis of anthocyanin-producing cultures showed the presence of mixtures of non-pigmented, low-pigmented, and high-pigmented cells.

Extracts from Cleome rosea were investigated for their activity against acyclovir-resistant strains of Herpes simplex type 1 (ACVr-HSV-1) and type 2 (ACVr-HSV-2). Methanolic and acidified (1% (v/v) HCl) methanolic extracts were prepared from field-grown plants and in vitro propagated plants, as well as from calli and cell suspension cultures. The extracts presented low cytotoxicity and caused virus titer reduction above 70%, with different mechanisms of action. Extracts from leaves of field-grown plants inhibited viral infection mainly by affecting the virus particle itself (virucidal effect), while extracts from calli acted mainly on cell receptors. On the other hand, all extracts evaluated affected the virus entry across the cell membrane and the intracellular viral replication at similar percentages, causing reduction on titers in the range of 68-90%. This study validated the potential use of in vitro materials as sources of antiherpetic agents from C. rosea.

Unfortunately, in the article ''Antiviral activity of Cleome rosea extracts from field-grown plants and tissue culturederived materials against acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (ACVr-HSV-1) and type 2 (ACVr-HSV-2)'', World J Microbiol Biotechnol, Table 3 has been incorrectly published. The correct Table 3 is presented below: The online version of the original article can be found under

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Adventitious root cultures of Cleome rosea were established using root segments from proximal and middle root regions of in vitro-propagated plants. The root explants were cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with the following growth regulators: naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and N 6 -furfuryladenine (KIN). The highest biomass accumulation was obtained with roots, cultured in media with NAA. The use of 2,4-D resulted in callus formation, while explants cultured in the presence of KIN developed buds. Protocols for long-term maintenance of in vitro roots through cryopreservation by vitrification were also evaluated using plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). The use of NAA during pre-and post-culture steps was essential to recovery after exposure to liquid nitrogen. On the other hand, the presence or absence of light during culture maintenance had little effect on the process. The highest recovery frequency after cooling in liquid nitrogen (63.6±14.4%) was reached after exposure to PVS2 for 30 min. The cryopreserved roots showed excellent ability to multiply, which remained stable for up to five subcultures. Moreover, these roots also displayed the capacity for shoot induction when cultivated on solid MS medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA), reaching regeneration frequencies of 60-82% over five subcultures.

In vitro culture techniques are recognized as efficient strategies for large-scale plant production, as well as providing alternatives for plant conservation. In this study the micropropagation of Tarenaya rosea was established using petiole and foliar blade segments cultivated on MS medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and/or 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN). The regeneration rate from explants was evaluated after 30-days in culture, as well as the proliferation rate from explant-derived shoots, reached after four subcultures performed at 30-days in culture. In vitro propagation occurred by both direct (DO) and indirect (IO) organogenesis. The highest regeneration rates by DO (50% to 100%) were reached on media containing only BA, while morphogenic calluses (IO) were mainly formed with BA+KIN. Explants on media with BA showed the presence of small black nodules on their surface, and histological analysis revealed the presence of trichomes with anthocyanin content. Elongation and rooting were reached on growth regulator-free MS. Acclimatization rates around 80% were achieved and the in vitro-regenerated plants were successfully maintained under field conditions. Results show significant morphogenetic potential of T. rosea from leaf explants, mainly when cultivated in the presence of 4.4 µM BA, providing a new alternative source of plant material for biotechnological and in vitro conservation studies.