Antiviral activity of Cleome rosea extracts from field-grown plants and tissue culture-derived materials against acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (ACVr-HSV-1) and type 2 (ACVr-HSV-2)

Abstract

Extracts from Cleome rosea were investigated for their activity against acyclovir-resistant strains of Herpes simplex type 1 (ACVr-HSV-1) and type 2 (ACVr-HSV-2). Methanolic and acidified (1% (v/v) HCl) methanolic extracts were prepared from field-grown plants and in vitro propagated plants, as well as from calli and cell suspension cultures. The extracts presented low cytotoxicity and caused virus titer reduction above 70%, with different mechanisms of action. Extracts from leaves of field-grown plants inhibited viral infection mainly by affecting the virus particle itself (virucidal effect), while extracts from calli acted mainly on cell receptors. On the other hand, all extracts evaluated affected the virus entry across the cell membrane and the intracellular viral replication at similar percentages, causing reduction on titers in the range of 68-90%. This study validated the potential use of in vitro materials as sources of antiherpetic agents from C. rosea.

The Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Targets of Antiviral Agents: Focusing on the Antiviral Approaches and Clinical Perspectives of Anthocyanins in the Management of Viral Diseases

“…However, some agents have been in drug development, including both preclinical and clinical assessment, and have led to more prospects for discovering new antiviral agents with promising future. Among these antiviral substances, some are natural compounds which were isolated from medicinal plants used in complementary and traditional medicine, such as polysaccharides (Premanathan et al, 1999), polyphenols (Sokmen et al, 2005), flavonoids (Veckenstedt et al, 1978), anthocyanins (Simões et al, 2010), phenyl carboxylic acids (Kulkarni and Sanghai, 2014), terpenes (Wright et al, 1993), alkaloids (Özçelik et al, 2011), phenolic compounds (Özçelik et al, 2011), depsides (Hassan et al, 2019) and amino acids (Han et al, 1998). The number of secondary metabolites showed a unique antiviral mechanism of action and have a promising future for clinical research (Vlietinck and Berghe, 1991).…”

Multiplication and cryopreservation of adventitious roots of Cleome rosea Vahl

“…rosea is a Brazilian herbaceous species found in areas of restinga vegetation, ecosystems under threat from uncontrolled exploitation (Zamith and Scarano 2006). Both in vivo and in vitro materials produce compounds with antiinflammatory and antigenotoxic (Simões et al 2006) properties, as well as antiviral (Simões et al 2010) and antibacterial (Simões-Gurgel et al 2012) activities. Considering the importance of the species and the results already achieved in biotechnological studies, an efficient protocol for production of in vitro root cultures of C. rosea is needed, as well as the establishment of methodologies for long-term maintenance of these roots through cryopreservation.…”

Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

“…Such studies have been performed with C. rosea Vahl, Brazilian native species mainly found in coastal sandy plains, ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts and C. spinosa Jacq., found in urban areas and highly vulnerable to human activities and insect infestations. In vitro protocols were established for these species (Simões et al, 2004;Albarello et al, 2006;Albarello et al, 2007;Simões et al, 2009a;Simões et al, 2010a;Simões-Gurgel et al, 2012), and the medicinal potential of in vivo and in vitro materials was also evaluated Simões et al, 2009b;Simões et al, 2010b;Simões-Gurgel et al, 2012;Albarello et al, 2013).…”