The housing issue is rightly considered one of the most acute problems of humankind. It is generated by social causes and has a social meaning. The housing issue cannot be solved with purely technical, architectural or artistic approaches. Rather, it also depends significantly on economic, political and environmental circumstances. At different times, the nature of the living environment was formed under the influence of social order, the level of development of productive forces, household and economic systems, and other factors. In the second half of the 20th century, following standard designs, Ukrainian cities mostly consisted of four- and five-story residential buildings in new residential areas. As a result, the living environment of many cities in the country acquired a common and rather modest appearance, dominated by concrete construction. At that time, this was the most effective way of mass housing construction. New technologies and design solutions were used. Such housing was cheap and purposefully met the social standards at the time. In addition, for the owners of such housing, it meant a new higher level of comfort. This publication focusses on housing construction in the second half of the 20th century in Ukraine after 1956. It is important to identify the quality of such housing and its compliance with modern requirements. Methods of systematization of historiographical materials, comparative and historical analysis, and field surveys were used to achieve the aim. Among the main achievements are the comfortable density of residential areas and fast construction times. The disadvantages of this period’s mass housing construction are related to missing maintenance, ongoing destruction, often complex ownership situations and the challenge to adapt each building to current needs and regulations.
Chervonenko K. S. Formation of social competence of future social workers by means of volunteer activityThe article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of future social workers' social competence by means of volunteer activity. Basing on the analysis of academic and pedagogical literature, the essence of the concepts «competence», «professional competence» and «social competence» is considered; their content and structure is clarified. It is emphasized that one of the important components of professional competence of future social workers is social competence which is aimed at ensuring effective interaction between people and the social environment to help solve various social problems. The author reveals the abilities of a socially competent social worker. There are two main approaches in determining the potential of volunteering in the formation of future social workers' social competence: firstly, volunteering affects the personality of a student-volunteer, forms a stable system of values; secondly, volunteering is aimed at optimizing the social situation in the society, allows you to create optimal conditions for social activity and responsibility, gain significant social experience, develop technologies of social work with different categories of clients. It is proved that volunteering is an effective means of professional training of future social workers, which allows to work out the technique of volunteering activity, taking into account the interests and wishes of others. The author singles out main advantages of volunteering in the formation of social competence of future social workers. This competence demonstrates in future professionalsthe result of assimilation and active reproduction of socio-cultural experience through activities, communication, relationships and promotes the ability to gain experience in solving various social problems, initiating and activating resources for this, predicting the results, establishing effective interaction, analyzing, being responsible, as well as showing tolerance and empathy to others.
The world experience of revitalization of former industrial territories with introduction of recreational functions is covered. The relevance of this study lies in two important aspects. The first aspect is utilitarian. It comes down to the need to eliminate sources of danger in abandoned industrial areas and their environmental rehabilitation by giving them "new life". The second aspect is aesthetic. It is manifested in the return of attractiveness to the former industrial territories, increasing their artistic and aesthetic characteristics. The current directions of recovery of the post-industrial environment are presented. They consist in preserving the industrial function through memorialization or technological improvement, partial refunctionalization through reconstruction and preservation of the most favourable characteristics of the object and full refunctionalization by preserving the industrial architecture as a monument and landscaping and landscaping of disturbed areas for their ecological rehabilitation. On the basis of foreign and domestic experience, examples of the formation of a modern harmonious landscape environment with pronounced individual features and "industrial memory" were identified. The landscape design of the post-industrial environment is most pronounced in those sites that have been transformed into recreational areas. Examples include beautiful Park Zollverein (Essen, Germany, 2001-2012), Landscape Park Duisburg-Nord (Duisburg, Germany, 1994), Park Parco Dora (Turin, Italy, 2011-2015), Park complexes Parc Andre Citroen (Paris, France, 1992) and Parque Fundidora (Monterrey, Mexico, 1988), Amusement Park Wunderland Kalkar (Calcare, Germany), Park Clichy-Batignolles – Martin-Luther- King (Paris, France, 2004-2007), Park Shipyard (Zhongshan, China, 2001) and Cultuurpark Westergasfabriek (Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2006).
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