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While rapid urbanization promotes social and economic development, it poses a serious threat to the health of rivers, especially the small and medium-scale rivers. Flood control for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas is particularly important. The purpose of this study is to explore the most effective flood control strategy for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas. MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 were coupled with MIKE FLOOD model to simulate flooding with the flood control standard, after which the best flooding control scheme was determined from a whole region perspective (both the mainstream and tributary conditions were considered). The SheGong River basin located near the Guangzhou Baiyun international airport in Guangzhou city over south China was selected for the case study. The results showed that the flooding area in the basin of interest accounts for 42% of the total, with maximum inundation depth up to 0.93 m under the 20-year return period of the designed flood. The flood-prone areas are the midstream and downstream where urbanization is high; however the downstream of the adjacent TieShan River is still able to bear more flooding. Therefore, the probable cost-effective flood control scheme is to construct two new tributaries transferring floodwater in the mid- and downstream of the SheGong River into the downstream of the TieShan River. This infers that flood control for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas should not simply consider tributary flood regimes but, rather, involve both tributary and mainstream flood characters from a whole region perspective.

A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMI) was developed based on ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorption spectrum and tannin reference content of Danshen and Guanxinning injections, and the model was veri¯ed and applied. The results showed that the established UV-based spectral partial least squares regression (PLS) tannin content model performed well with a correlation coe±cient (r) of 0.952, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.476 g/ml, root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) of 1.171 g/ml, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.465 g/ml. Pattern recognition models using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and k nearest neighbor (k-NN) classi¯ers based on UV spectrum could successfully classify di®erent types of injections and di®erent manufacturers. The established method to measure tannin content based on UV spectroscopy is simple, rapid and reliable and provides technical support for quality control of tannin in Chinese medicine injections.

Aims and objective:To explore the experiences of frontline nurses through analyzing nurse online diaries during the pandemic.Background: Over 42,600 healthcare professionals took care of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan in the initial months between 23 January 2020 and 8 April 2020.Many used to write online diaries on Sina Microblog and still wrote about their experiences in the front line on this site. However, there has been little research on frontline nurses' experiences in the initial months of the pandemic through analyzing their narratives. Design: A qualitative descriptive design.Methods: A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze online diaries written by frontline nurses in Wuhan. A total of 205 entries in online diaries were collected from 12 frontline nurses, as accessible to those who subscribed to Sina Microblog social media site, between 23 January 2020 and 8 April 2020. NVivo12 was used to help analyze the data, and COREQ reporting guidelines were also used in this study.Results: Two themes were identified: constructing a better self and constructing a strong support network. A better self was constructed in describing positive emotions, commitment to care, pride and achievements, and whole-person growth. A strong support network was constructed through social support via different sources and gaining self-support via narrating their personal experiences in diaries. Conclusions:Frontline nurses demonstrated personal growth, psychological wellbeing, and professionalism in the process of constructing a better self and a strong support network. Relevance to clinical practice:The findings indicate that frontline nurses can use narratives as debriefing opportunities and a way of gaining self-support. We suggest that online communities of professional support be used as an essential platform for sharing narratives and gaining a more comprehensive understanding of frontline nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic and other global public health events.

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