The Heihe River is a typical inland river under increasing anthropogenic pressure. To explore the characteristics of the macrobenthic assemblages and their relationships with environmental factors in the upstream and midstream regions of this basin, abiotic conditions and macrobenthic assemblages were investigated in the summers of 2018 and 2019. A total of 50 species were collected, and Arthropoda and mollusks were the dominant groups. A significant increase in standing stock was observed from the upstream to midstream, and predators (PR) were the main functional feeding group. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef’s index values significantly differed at the spatial scale (P < 0.05). A redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the spatial heterogeneity of the macrobenthos was influenced by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), water temperature (WT), total nitrogen (TN), salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and potassium permanganate index (CODMn) (P < 0.05). The spatial variation of macrobenthos was mainly governed by natural conditions and human disturbances.
The coupling of product model and its development process model is very important to integrated product development. In this paper, the integrated product development architecture was established based on the detail analysis of coupling relations between product model and its corresponding process model, where the product data management system was viewed as the exchanging interface and operating platform of information. The integrated development mode by the coupling of product model main line and process model main line was presented. In this mode, both product model and process model are modified synchronously, and this modification is dynamic and mutual. The coupling mechanism between product model and its corresponding process model was established, and the algorithm was also given to evaluate the model coupling effect.
Index Terms -Integrating product and process development. Development mode. Coupling mechanism. Process evaluation.
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