Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from dissociated mouse lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Recordings were made from control neurons and neurons axotomized by transection of the corresponding spinal nerve 1-2 days prior to dissociation. Medium to large muscle and cutaneous afferent neurons were identified by retrograde transport of True Blue or Fluoro-Gold injected into the corresponding peripheral tissue. Action potentials were classified as non-inflected spikes (A 0 ) and inflected spikes (A inf ). High-frequency, low-amplitude subthreshold membrane potential oscillations were observed in 8% of control A 0 neurons, but their incidence increased to 31% in the nerve injury group. Fifty percent of axotomized muscle afferent A 0 cells displayed oscillations, while 26% of axotomized cutaneous afferents exhibited oscillations. Lower-frequency oscillations were also observed in a small fraction (4%) of A inf neurons on strong depolarization. Their numbers were increased after the nerve injury, but the difference was not statistically significant. The oscillations often triggered burst firing in distinct patterns of action potential activity. These results indicate that injury-induced membrane oscillations of DRG neurons, previously observed in whole DRG of rats, are present in dissociated DRG neurons of the adult mouse. Moreover, these observations indicate that both muscle and cutaneous afferents in the A β size range give rise to injury-induced membrane oscillations, with muscle afferents being more prone to develop oscillations.
The absence of on-line monitoring and process quality assurance is one of the main obstacles for wide implementation of Selective Laser Melting technology in modern manufacturing industry. Temperature monitoring in the laser impact zone are carried out by an originally developed bicolour pyrometer and CCD camera which are integrated with the optical scanning system of the PHENIX PM-100 machine. Experiments are performed with variation of basic process parameters such as powder layer thickness (0-120 µm), hatch distance (60 µm-1000 µm), and fabrication strategy (the so-called "one-zone" and "two-zone").
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