Abstract. Yulianti F, Adiredjo AL, Soetopo L, Ashari S. 2020. Short Communication: Morphology and genetic characteristics of potential citrus rootstock in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5514-5520. Study on variability among the citrus rootstock genotypes is very important to classify and utilize citrus germplasm resources. The genetic variability would greatly assist the breeders in genotypes identification to develop database and maintain the germplasm repositories in Indonesia. It would also be helpful for stakeholders to choose the right rootstock. The aim of the study was to identify the morphology and genetic variability among three potential citrus rootstocks in Indonesia. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to characterize three citrus rootstocks potential in Indonesia. Characteristics of plant, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and genomic DNA polymorphisms were used to characterize three potential citrus rootstocks (Japansche citroen (JC), Citrumelo and Kanci). Morphological characterizations were based on Descriptors for Citrus (IPGRI 1999). Genetic variabilities were conducted using seven specific markers for biotic and abiotic stresses (VP, CMA, PIP1a, PIP1b, PIP2, osmotin, and Y65). The important characters of citrus rootstock for growers were tree shape, tree growth habit, number of seed, seed polyembryony, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. JC has spheroid tree shape with spreading growth habit, while Citrumelo and Kanci have ellipsoid tree shape with erect growth habit. These characters may influence scion vigor and size. All of rootstocks observed have high number of seed and polyembryony. These rootstocks amplified PIPs and osmotin markers and could not amplify VP, CMA, and Y65 marker. These plants thought to have the characteristic of tolerance to drought stress with formation of aquaporin and osmotin but susceptible to salinity and Citrus tristeza virus.
Background: Bambara groundnut has the ability to drought tolerance and has high nutritional value and is one than Legume crops untapped, which need attention. Therefore in this research, it will look at the relationship between osmotic stress caused by a concentration of PEG and drought tolerance to get some genotypes has ability drought tolerance. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia in January-March 2019. The objective of the experiment was an evaluation of some morphological criteria to drought tolerance on the seedling for thirty genotypes of Bambara groundnut using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 by three concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%). A complete randomized design was used for this experiment with three replicates. Result: The 10% PEG was the most suitable concentration to select Bambara groundnut lines for drought tolerance. Genotypes give different responses to concentrations of PEG. In susceptible lines, there are germination constraints, such as Prevent and germination delayed, the formation of hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight and dry matter, while drought-tolerant lines can germinate normally. Obtained six lines that were tolerant to drought, five local, namely BBL 1.1, PWBG 5.2.1, PWBG 6, SS 2.4.2, SS 3.4.2 and one from Thailand which is Tvsu 86.
ABSTRAKAnggrek terestrial merupakan salah satu jenis anggrek yang hidup di tanah. Permasalahan saat ini yaitu perusakan habitat yang dapat mengancam keberadaan anggrek (Destri et al., 2015). Nugroho dan Darwiati (2007) menjelaskan bahwa dari 8 desa di Kecamatan Senduro yang dikaji, 6 desa termasuk kategori riskan dan 2 dalam kategori rawan dimana keduanya dapat menimbulkan gangguan kawasan. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting dilakukan eksplorasi dan inventarisasi dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis anggrek terestrial di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Blok Ireng-Ireng. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Januari hingga Maret 2018. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif eksploratif dengan mengambil sampel secara acak. Secara teknik menggunakan metode garis berpetak dengan 30 plot pengamatan dalam 5 jalur pengamatan. Dari penelitian ini telah berhasil ditemukan dan diidentifikasi 20 spesies dalam 14 genus dengan total 959 individu tumbuhan anggrek terestrial. Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl merupakan spesies yang ditemukan mendomidasi dalam jumlah individu sebanyak 246 tumbuhan, sedangkan Erythrodes sp. ditemukan dalam jumlah kecil masing-masing sebanyak 3 individu tumbuhan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi keaneka-ragaman anggrek terestrial di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Blok Ireng-Ireng, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang. ABSTRACTTerrestrial orchid is one kind of orchid that lives on the ground. The current problem is habitat destruction that affecting the existence of orchids (Destri et al., 2015). Nugroho and Darwiati (2007) explained that 6 of 8 villages in Senduro Sub-District belong to the risk category and 2 villages in the vulnerable category. It could cause regional disturbance. Therefore, exploration and inventory are important to find out the diversity of terrestrial orchid in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Ireng-Ireng Block. The study was conducted from January to February 2018. The research method was descriptive exploration with using random sampling. Technically, used combination of line and plot as method at 30 experimental plots in 5 observation lines. From the exploration was found and identified 20 species in 14 genera with total of 959 individual plants. Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl is a species that found in the largest number and dominates as many as 246 individuals, while Erythrodes sp. was found in small group of 3 individuals. The results of this study could be used as an information of the
Vigor tanaman jeruk dipengaruhi oleh batang bawah yang digunakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan korelasi antara karakter anatomi akar dan batang terhadap tinggi tanaman jeruk batang bawah dan mendapatkan variabel prediksi vigor tanaman jeruk keprok RGL. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP-Tlekung, Balitjestro mulai bulan Juni 2019 – Maret 2020. Penelitian menggunakan batang bawah JC, Citrumelo dan Kanci dengan batang atas jeruk keprok RGL. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan acak kelompok, lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan JC dan Citrumelo sama dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan Kanci. Ketiga jenis batang bawah memiliki karakter anatomi yang berbeda. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa karakter persentase dan luas pembuluh xylem baik pada akar maupun batang berkorelasi positif terhadap tinggi tanaman batang bawah. Batang bawah kanci memiliki persentase dan luas pembuluh paling kecil. Batang bawah JC memiliki persentase xylem dan rata-rata luas pembuluh xylem tertinggi baik pada irisan melintang akar maupun batang. Batang bawah Citrumelo memiliki densitas pembuluh xylem/mm2 tertinggi. Hasil evaluasi pada tanaman jeruk keprok RGL umur tiga tahun menunjukkan bahwa batang bawah JC dan Citrumelo menyebabkan tinggi tanaman dan volume kanopi lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada batang bawah Kanci. Karakter persentase dan luas pembuluh xylem dapat digunakan sebagai parameter penduga vigor tanaman jeruk RGL. Kata kunci: Jeruk batang bawah, jeruk keprok RGL, karakter anatomi, xylem, vigor
Orchids are often found naturally in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforest destruction could decrease orchid germplasms in the natural habitat. To save their existence, it is necessary to keep them from the threat of extinction. Some efforts that could be done is by conducted periodically exploration and inventory activities. The objective of this research was to revisit the genetic diversity of epiphytic orchid germplasms in Resort Ranu Darungan Pronojiwo Conservation area Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java compared to the finding in 2002. Exploration of Epiphytic Orchid Diversity at Pronojiwo Conservation Area, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java was conducted in January to February 2018. The research method was descriptive-exploration with random sampling method. Exploration results in 2018 found 1.013 orchids population, consisted of 22 genera and 53 species. While in 2002 found 2.053 orchids population, consisted of 18 genera and 39 species. The host trees found in this research was 21, while in 2002 was found 30 host trees. The value of diversity index by Shannon – Wiener in this research was 3.03 (high) and in 2002 was 3.50 (high). Species with the highest population in 2018 was Eria monostachya with the IVI of 32,94%., while in 2002 was Bulbophyllum biflorum with the IVI of 10.84%. From this research, it is concluded that the genetic diversity of epiphytic orchids germplasm in Resort Ranu Darungan is high. Besides time lapse of 16 years, the existence of epiphyte orchids biodiversity is well maintained.
Introduction of Citrumelo and Kanci, an alternative citrus rootstock, into citrus cultivation system in Indonesia as complement of Japansche citroen (JC) is very appreciated. Compatibility of Citrumelo and Fortunella to commercial citrus in Indonesia have not been evaluated. The aim of the study is to assess the compatibility of Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) mandarin citrus grafted onto JC, Citrumelo, and Kanci based on anatomical, morphological and physiological parameters. The results showed that 100% of RGL mandarin shoot bud grew on Citrumelo and JC rootstocks, but only 88.75% on Kanci rootstock. Anatomically, RGL mandarin at 60 days after budding (DAB) had perfectly adhered on Citrumelo rootstock and not yet fully adhered on JC and Kanci rootstock. Morphologically, RGL-Citrumelo and RGL-JC combinations at three years old plant resulted in the same plant growth parameters, better than RGL-Kanci combination. Physiologically, RGL-Citrumelo and RGL-JC combinations had the same chlorophyll index, better than RGL-Kanci combination. RGL-Citrumelo and RGL-JC combinations showed graft compatible and RGL-Kanci combination showed late incompatibility.
Kenaf merupakan salah satu tanaman yang menghasilkan serat alam. Infeksi Meloidogyne incognita (nematoda puru akar) pada tanaman kenaf menyebabkan tanaman kerdil sehingga menurunkan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan ketahanan tujuh genotipe kenaf terhadap M. incognita. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menginfestasi tanaman kenaf yang berumur 15 hari setelah tanam (HST) dengan M. incognita pada populasi 40 nematoda juvenil 2 per 100 g tanah. Medium tanam yang digunakan ialah tanah berpasir dengan komposisi pasir 55%, debu 36%, dan liat 17%. Variabel ketahanan terdiri atas indeks puru akar dan faktor reproduksi nematoda. Analisis asam salisilat, fenol, lignin serta beberapa variabel pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan pada umur tanaman 75 HST. Diantara tujuh genotipe tanaman kenaf yang dievaluasi terdapat 3 genotipe yang toleran (KR4, KR15 dan KR5) dan 4 genotipe sangat rentan (KR1, KR6, Kin2, dan DS028). Genotipe yang memiliki respons toleran terhadap M. incognita menunjukkan peningkatan senyawa fenol, asam salisilat, dan lignin pada akar dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penurunan tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tajuk, dan bobot segar akar bervariasi akibat infeksi M. incognita.
Background: RGL mandarin is one of the important mandarin citrus varieties in Indonesia. The tolerance of RGL mandarin citrus to water deficit can be induced by the rootstock. This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses and transcriptional gene expression of RGL mandarin citrus grafted onto three rootstock genotypes during the dry and the rainy seasons.Methods: Three-years-old mandarin citrus trees cv. Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) grafted onto three citruses (JC, Cit and K) were planted at the experimental field of the ICISFRI. The experiment was conducted with a randomized block design and each scion-rootstock combination contained five replications. All of the physiological and relative gene expression parameters observed were conducted at the last of the dry season (September 2019) and the mid of the rainy season (January 2020). Water deficit was induced by no watering plants during the dry season.Result: The results of physiological responses and relative gene expression analyses showed that RGL-Cit combination had better than RGL-JC combination and RGL-JC combination had better than RGL-K combination. RGL-Cit combination showed less wilt than RGL-JC and RGL-K combinations. The RGL-Cit combination had the highest stomatal density, stomatal aperture, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate in the dry season. Different plant combinations showed different gene expressions. RGL-JC and RGL-K combinations were upregulated in almost all the primers related to drought responses tested in the dry season. RGL-Cit combination only upregulated the PIP1, PIP2 and ACS2 and unregulated the others in the dry season. Therefore, citrumelo seems to be a valuable type of rootstock.
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