Background: Some industries know in Orchard of direct Klero Sleman Yogyakarta throw away the liquid waste to river Gawe without done a processing beforehand, so that cause the river water becomes the impure. Others, there are sigh from society of around industry know that is incidence of smelling, so that society which live in about industry know to become annoyed. This Research aim to know influence of variation of biomassa Pistia stratiotes L. to degradation rate of BOD, COD, and TSS liquid waste know at Orchard of Klero Sleman Yogyakarta. Processing of liquid waste by exploiting Pistia stratiotes L. expected can lessen compound rate of impure toxic compound and also consisting is in underwater of waste. Method: this was pure experimental research using complete random device. Involved in variable was variation of biomassa Pistia stratiotes L. as independent variable. Rate of Biologycal Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) as dependent variable. Research executed in Countryside of Pereng Sumberharjo Yogyakarta. Measurement of parameter BOD, COD, and TSS conducted in Laboratory Hall Technique Health of Environment (BTKL) Bantul. Sample for this research was liquid waste know in Orchard of Klero Sleman Yogyakarta. Result of research analyzed to use test of ANOVA and test of BNT (Least Significant Different). Result: Result of analysis influence variation of biomassa Pistia stratiotes L. to degradation of rate BOD, COD, and TSS use test of ANOVA show value equal to 2966,67, 8836,57, 1337,33 with level of significance equal to 0,000 (p<0,05) which indication that variation excelsior of biomassa Pistia stratiotes L. hence excelsior also degradation of rate of BOD, COD, and TSS. Conclusion: There was influences which significant between variation of biomassa Pistia stratiotes L. to degradation of rate of BOD, COD, and TSS liquid waste know in Orchard of Klero Sleman Yogyakarta.
AbstrakKembang leson sering dimanfaatkan sebagai aromaterapi pada saat pemulihan bagi pasien karena dipercaya dapat menghilangkan rasa lesu. Komposisi kembang leson sangat beragam, terdiri dari beraneka bunga dan rimpang, serta belum ada kajian mendalam terkait dengan kandungan senyawa terutama minyak atsiri pada kembang leson. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan minyak atsiri yang terdapat pada kembang leson. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi minyak atsiri dengan metode destilasi Stahl, minyak atsiri yang diperoleh dianalisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif minyak atsiri meliputi pengamatan organoleptis; sementara analisis kuantitatif minyak atsiri dilakukan dengan kromatografi gas-spektra massa (KG-SM). Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh memiliki bentuk cair, jernih, berwarna kuning kecokelatan, bau aromatis. Rendaman minyak atsiri yang diperoleh sebesar 0,75% (v/b). Analisis KG-SM diperoleh 50 komponen penyusun minyak atsiri, lima komponen minyak atsiri yang memiliki luas area tertinggi yaitu camphene kadarnya sebanyak 1,29% , benzene metil cymene 4,93%, camphor 4,75%, cyclohexane methanol 7,56% dan curdione 4,83%.Kata Kunci: Kembang leson, destilasi, minyak atsiri, kromatografi gas.
AbstrakCabai merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditanam masyarakat. Selain dapat dikonsumsi, cabai juga dapat dijual untuk tambahan penghasilan. Perawatan tanaman cabai dewasa ini banyak menggunakan pestisida, padahal terdapat agen biologi yang dapat digunakan dengan lebih efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung tingkat keanekaragaman dan mengetahui jenis serangga musuh alami yang terdapat pada lahan cabai di Desa Wiyoro, Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap sumuran (pitfall trap), nampan kuning berisi larutan detergent dan jaring serangga. Jaring serangga diayunkan sepanjang bedengan tanaman cabai secara vertical. Luas area pengamatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 x 100 m. Pemasangan nampan kuning dan pitfall dipasang sebanyak 15 buah untuk masing-masing jebakan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali dalam 2 bulan. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa 7 ordo serangga sebagai musuh alami pada lokasi penelitian. Jumlah famili paling banyak ditemukan berasal dari ordo Hymenoptera 23 famili dan terendah Dermaptera dan Strepsiptera (1 famili). Spesies paling banyak sebagai musuh alami adalah Paratrechina longicornis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ordo serangga yang ditemukan sebagai musuh alami pada lokasi penelitian berjumlah 7, dengan jumlah famili terbanyak dari ordo Hymenoptera. Famili dengan jumlah individu terbanyak sebagai musuh alami adalah Formicidae dari Hymenoptera.Abstract Chili is one of the most widely planted plants. Besides being able to consumed, it also can be sold for additional income. Nowadays treatment on chili uses a lot of pesticides, even though there are biological agents that can control pest more effectively and environmentally friendly. This study aims to count the diversity index and determine species of natural enemy found in chili fields in Wiyoro, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Sampling used insect nets, yellow pans, and pitfall. Insect nets were swung along the beds of chillies vertically. The area of this research was 20 x 100 m. Yellow trays and pitfalls were installed 15 units for each trap. Sampling was done 8 times in 2 months. The results that obtained were there were 7 orders of insects that became natural enemies at the research site, with the most number of families was Hymenoptera with 23 families and the lowest were Dermaptera and Strepsiptera with 1 family. The most commonly found species that act as natural enemies are Paratrechina longicornis. The conclusion of this study was the order of insects found as natural enemies at the research site were 7, with the largest number of families was in Hymenoptera. Family with the highest number of individuals as natural enemies was Formicidae from Hymenoptera.
Giant freshwater prawn is a native Indonesian freshwater prawn, which has the largest body size among other freshwater prawn. Efforts to increase the production of giant prawns can be done by genetic improvement of the parent. The main basis for conventional genetic improvement of giant freshwater prawns is availability of morphological variation information. This study is to determine the morphological variations of the giant prawn broodstock of Siratu, GIMacro, Mahakam, and Bengawan Solo populations which are cultured in Unit Kerja Budidaya Air Payau Balai Budidaya Udang Galah (UKBAP BBUG) Samas. Through this research it is expected to determine the broodstock with a profitable character that is able to produce hybrids with profitable characters as well. Baseline morphometrics were observed from the ratio of cephalothorax: abdomen length, ratio of carapace: rostrum length and ratio of carapace: abdomen length. Morphological variations were observed using 58 characters which included morphometric, meristic and morphological characters. The results showed the largest ratio of cephalothorax and abdomen average length owned by Bengawan Solo population, while the largest ratio of carapace and abdominal average length owned by Mahakam. The highest morphological variation is owned by Mahakam with 52% similarity. The lowest morphological variation is owned by GIMacro and Siratu populations with 80% similarity. The giant prawn broodstock which is expected to produce hybrid with profitable character is the broodstock from Bengawan Solo population.Keywords: Giant freshwater prawn, Morphological variation, SiratuGIMacro, Mahakam, Begawan Solo ABSTRAKUdang galah merupakan udang air tawar asli Indonesia, yang memiliki ukuran tubuh terbesar di antara udang air tawar lainnya. Sejauh ini beberapa upaya peningkatan produksi udang galah perlu kajian mendalam, di antaranya melalui perbaikan genetik induk. Adapun informasi penting yang harus diketahui untuk perbaikan genetik induk udang galah adalah karakterisasi morfologis induk udang galah yang diperkirakan unggul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi morfologis induk udang galah populasi Siratu, GIMacro, Mahakam, dan Bengawan Solo yang dibudidayakan di Unit Kerja Budidaya Air Payau Balai Budidaya Udang Galah (UKBAP BBUG) Samas. Adapun karakter morfometrik utama yang diamati meliputi rasio rerata panjang sefalotoraks: abdomen, rasio rerata panjang karapaks: panjang rostrum dan rasio rerata panjang karapaks: abdomen. Selain itu, 58 karakter variasi morfologis juga diamati, meliputi karakter morfometrik, meristik dan morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio rerata panjang sefalotoraks dan abdomen terbesar dimiliki populasi Bengawan Solo, sedangkan rasio rerata panjang karapaks dan abdomen terbesar dimiliki populasi Mahakam. Variasi morfologis tertinggi dimiliki populasi Mahakam dengan similaritas 52% terhadap ketiga populasi yang lain. Variasi morfologis terendah dimiliki populasi GIMacro dan Siratu dengan similaritas 80%. Induk udang galah yang diharapkan dapat menghasilkan hibrid dengan karakter unggul adalah induk populasi Bengawan Solo.Kata kunci: Udang galah, Variasi morfologis, Siratu, GIMacro, Mahakam, Bengawan Solo
Bioethanol is an alternative energy source that is increasingly needed along with the depletion of petroleum stocks. Bioethanol can be produced by utilizing various wastes, including jackfruit peel and a mixture of crude cellulose enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger as well as fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. This study aimed to compare the production of bioethanol using S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis in fermented jackfruit peel with a mixture of crude cellulose enzymes from T. reesei and A. niger. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the ratio of crude cellulase enzymes from T. reesei and A. niger as independent variables (0:0), (1:0), (0:1), (1:1), (1:2), (2:1), (1:3), and (3:1) as well as sugar and ethanol content as dependent variables. The sugar content was determined using the DNS method, while the ethanol content was determined using an alcoholmeter. Data analysis used one way ANOVA assisted by SPSS 16. The results showed that the highest sugar content (14.21 percent) was obtained in the ratio of crude cellulase enzymes T. reesei and A. niger (1:3), while the highest ethanol content (3, 16 percent) at a ratio of 1: 2 and fermented using Z. mobilis.
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