En la actualidad, las empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo sustentable, específicamente, las pymes, por lo que resulta importante analizar cómo se pueden incorporar nuevos modelos de desarrollo gerencial y/o empresarial que contemplen una perspectiva sustentable de tal manera que, por un lado, les permitan maximizar los recursos con los que cuentan y, por otro, mantenerse en el mercado por largo periodo de tiempo hasta llegar al estado de madurez. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una propuesta de un instrumento de medición, para determinar la relación entre las habilidades directivas de negociación, toma de decisiones, administración del tiempo, solución creativa de problemas, motivación, inteligencia emocional, coaching, comunicación, trabajo en equipo y capacidad de adaptación con las acciones de sustentabilidad que aplican las pymes que operan en el estado de Sonora. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, no experimental, transversal y de tipo social. Como parte de la metodología, se aplicó a una muestra piloto no probabilística por conveniencia a 30 directivos, donde se aplicó una escala de Likert basada en seis puntos con la intención de eliminar la subjetividad en la respuesta neutral. El instrumento constó de 145 preguntas, las cuales se procesaron a través del software SPSS v.25. El análisis estadístico de confiabilidad y validez de constructo se realizó mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, índice de homogeneidad corregido (iHC), coeficiente de Spearman-Brown y coeficiente de fiabilidad de Guttman [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. Los resultados obtenidos para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario derivado del análisis estadístico fueron aceptables y, se concluyó que los ítems propuestos permiten medir las variables con base en los parámetros establecidos por los autores en la literatura. Currently, companies are essential for sustainable development, specifically SMEs, so it is important to analyze how new models of managerial and/or business development can be incorporated that contemplate a sustainable perspective in such a way that, on the one hand allow them to maximize the resources they have and, on the other, stay in the market for a long period of time until they reach maturity. In this sense, the objective of this research is to design a proposal for a measurement instrument to determine the relationship between managerial skills in negotiation, decision making, time management, creative problem solving, motivation, emotional intelligence, coaching, communication, teamwork and adaptability with the sustainability actions applied by SMEs operating in the state of Sonora. To fulfill the objective, research with a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and social approach was developed. As part of the methodology, a non-probabilistic pilot sample was applied for convenience to 30 managers, where a Likert scale based on six points was applied with the intention of eliminating subjectivity in the neutral response. The instrument consisted of 145 ítems, which were processed through SPSS v.25 software. Statistical analysis of reliability and construct validity was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected homogeneity index (iHC), Spearman-Brown coefficient, and Guttman's reliability coefficient [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. The results obtained to measure the reliability of the questionnaire derived from the statistical analysis were acceptable and it was concluded that the proposed items allow the variables to be measured based on the parameters established by the authors in the literature.
En la actualidad, las empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo sustentable, específicamente, las pymes, por lo que resulta importante analizar cómo se pueden incorporar nuevos modelos de desarrollo gerencial y/o empresarial que contemplen una perspectiva sustentable de tal manera que, por un lado, les permitan maximizar los recursos con los que cuentan y, por otro, mantenerse en el mercado por largo periodo de tiempo hasta llegar al estado de madurez. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una propuesta de un instrumento de medición, para determinar la relación entre las habilidades directivas de negociación, toma de decisiones, administración del tiempo, solución creativa de problemas, motivación, inteligencia emocional, coaching, comunicación, trabajo en equipo y capacidad de adaptación con las acciones de sustentabilidad que aplican las pymes que operan en el estado de Sonora. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, no experimental, transversal y de tipo social. Como parte de la metodología, se aplicó a una muestra piloto no probabilística por conveniencia a 30 directivos, donde se aplicó una escala de Likert basada en seis puntos con la intención de eliminar la subjetividad en la respuesta neutral. El instrumento constó de 145 preguntas, las cuales se procesaron a través del software SPSS v.25. El análisis estadístico de confiabilidad y validez de constructo se realizó mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, índice de homogeneidad corregido (iHC), coeficiente de Spearman-Brown y coeficiente de fiabilidad de Guttman [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. Los resultados obtenidos para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario derivado del análisis estadístico fueron aceptables y, se concluyó que los ítems propuestos permiten medir las variables con base en los parámetros establecidos por los autores en la literatura.
This paper presents a proposal for the creation of a project management model that incorporates the spatial sustainability within the design process of small satellites. The study includes the product life cycle within the sustainable design process. It will be possible to adopt current international efforts to deal with the problem of solid waste in space for each subsystem of the satellite platforms. The proposed model of the project management space enables planning, evaluation, control, execution and implementation, within the entire mission, strategy development and decision making, based on the principles of sustainability: economics, societal and environmental impact. There is a common acknowledgement that space technology development has thrown contamination beyond the borders of the earth, becoming lately a latent threat for several space activities. The creation of space debris is due to different causes such as the collision of solid objects in space, exploding fuel tanks, meteor impact, malfunctioning satellites and no recovery at the end of its useful life.There must be a balance between development space, as an enabler for countries that are making significant efforts to enter the space community, space missions and regulations; that can make costs unfeasible for several missions. Appropriate space policies and managerial models can help switching the perception of regulation as a barrier, rather than a technological enabler. Whereas the problem needs to be analyzed in a holistic way, the LEO orbit is the gateway for low cost mission and technology testing for micro satellites and smaller devices. Space agencies around the world are looking for solutions to mitigate and control waste found in Earth orbit especially in LEO, but it is very important to contemplate the space debris problem comprehensively. In Mexico, the recent creation of the Mexican Space Agency (AEM), gives us the opportunity to have direct involvement nationwide in generating research and development of space technology. This proposal will enable Mexico to develop capabilities that allow it to understand, analyze and propose project management practices to foster the adoption of a sustainable model for missions involving micro and smaller satellites. To accomplish that, initiatives from NASA, EADS, UN and other countries will be studied in order to develop an initial model to help management of the mission design process involving sustainable development criteria. In the specific case of Mexico, several initiatives will be launched, but it is necessary to adopt international standards for collaboration and development of space missions, involving international cooperation. The search for objective indicators for establishing the benefits that have been generated through the adoption of sustainable models is of paramount importance.Moreover, the assessment of the impact caused for the solid waste generation in space and their associated risks must be 565 978-1-4673-6396-9/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE understood and incorporated in the desig...
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