The effects of plant density and light intensity on crop growth and yield of cut chrysanthemum were investigated experimentally and simulated with a generic explanatory crop growth model (HORTISIM). In winter, supplementary light (HPS; 48 µ µ µ µmol m-2 s-1 PAR) increased total incident PAR with 24%, whereas total dry matter production per m 2 was increased with 45%. The effect of supplementary light on plant dry and fresh mass, and number of flowers per plant at different plant densities (32, 48 or 64 m-2), was larger at lower densities. In summer, a linear relationship between cumulative dry mass production and cumulative intercepted PAR was observed in each of three shading treatments. However, the slope of this line (light use efficiency) decreased with increasing light level being 4.1 g MJ-1 , 3.4 g MJ-1 and 2.7 g MJ-1 for 43%, 66% and 100% light, respectively. HORTISIM could accurately predict crop growth and yield at most light conditions, with measured climatic data, initial plant mass and time course of leaf area index being model inputs. However, in summer at 100% light the model strongly overestimated dry mass production.

Brazil stands out before other countries for having a gigantic area for food production. Paraná is the state that stands out among the nation's states with its gross production value (VBP), which in these values are the agricultural and livestock productions such as poultry farming. Moreover, Paraná stands out for having a high solar irradiation, which leads rural entrepreneurs to seek the use of renewable energies as electric energy, especially photovoltaic energy. With that, the present study refers to a qualitative systematic review, whose objective was to conduct an analysis of the scientific production on the panorama of solar photovoltaic energy in poultry farming in the state of Paraná, in the period from 2012 to 2021. The bibliographical search was carried out in the databases: Scopus and Scielo including others described on the theme, searching for information from government agencies responsible for production indicators, growth and development. This review showed that the State of Paraná has a great potential for photovoltaic solar energy generation, by the levels of solar radiation which is inserted and also for having the largest poultry herd in Brazil.

Organomineral fertilizers are fertilizers of organic origin enriched with mineral nutrients that have been presenting positive responses in several vegetable groves. The aim of this work was to use the experimental factorial design methodology 3 2 and response surface analysis to verify the influences of the variable productivity of the arugula var. Folha Larga. Vegetation® and Spin® foliar fertilizers were applied in factorial design 3 2 , with three repetitions at the central point. The results of this research lead us to affirm that the central point (test 6) with application of 60 mL L -1 of the Vegetation® leaf fertilizers associated with Spin® obtained higher values for the productivity of arugula var. Folha Larga relative to the control.

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the consortium of carrot and radish crops on the efficient use of land. The experiment was developed in the vegetable production area of the Adroaldo Augusto Colombo State Agricultural College in the period from March to June 2019. Three repetitions were performed from the randomized block experimental design. The treatments refer to radish monoculture, carrot monoculture, and consortia of carrot with radish, placing one row of each crop and

PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA PROVÁVEL PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE BOTUCATU-SP     DANIELA ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA1; ALBA MARIA GUADALUPE ORELLANA GONZALEZ 1; LISETT ROCIO ZAMORA ORTEGA1; TAMIRES LIMA DA SILVA1 E ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI2   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, nº 3780 – CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, E-mail: araujo1daniela@gmail.com; oregonza9@gmail.com; zrocio9203@gmail.com; tamireslsilva@gmail.com; 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, campus de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n - CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, E-mail: alexandre.dalri@unesp.br     1 RESUMO   No balanço hídrico de um local ou região, a precipitação pluviométrica é o principal elemento de entrada; portanto, o conhecimento de sua disponibilidade é essencial para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos. A precipitação pluviométrica provável é o valor extremo (mínimo ou máximo) de lâmina de chuva que tem uma probabilidade específica de ocorrência e pode ser calculada por meio de distribuições de probabilidades. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a precipitação pluviométrica provável nos níveis de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 e 90% de probabilidade de ocorrência para o município de Botucatu, SP, em períodos acumulados de 10, 15 e 30 dias, utilizando a distribuição de probabilidade Gama. O teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ao nível de 5% significância, indicou que a distribuição Gama se ajustou à precipitação pluviométrica provável mensal do município de Botucatu-SP e não se ajustou à dez períodos decendiais e um período quinzenal. Comparado com estudos anteriores, foram observadas variações de tendência na precipitação pluviométrica para Botucatu-SP, com redução no período considerado chuvoso e aumento no período considerado seco.   Palavras-chave: chuva, distribuição Gama, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, planejamento agrícola.     OLIVEIRA, D. A. DE; ORELLANA-GONZALEZ, A. M. G.; ORTEGA, L. R. Z.; SILVA, T. L. DA; DALRI, A. B. PROBABLE RAINFALL TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF BOTUCATU-SP     2 ABSTRACT   In the water balance of a place or region, rainfall is the main input element; therefore, knowledge of its availability is essential for the sustainable management of water resources. Probable rainfall is the extreme value (maximum or minimum) of rainfall that has a specific probability of occurrence and can be calculated through probability distributions. This study aimed to estimate the probable rainfall at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% probability of occurrence for the municipality of Botucatu, SP, in cumulative periods of 10, 15, and 30 days, using the Gamma probability distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov adherence test, at a 5% significance level, indicated that the Gamma distribution fitted the probable monthly rainfall in the municipality of Botucatu-SP and did not fit ten decennials’ periods and one biweekly period.  Compared to previous studies, trend variations in rainfall were observed for Botucatu-SP, with a reduction in the period considered rainy and an increase in the period considered dry.   Keywords: rainfall, Gamma distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, agricultural planning.

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