A longitudinal report of 156 gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths examined changes in sexual identity over time. Fifty-seven percent of the youths remained consistently self-identified as gay/lesbian, 18% transited from bisexual to gay/lesbian, and 15% consistently identified as bisexual over time. Although youths who consistently identified as gay/lesbian did not differ from other youths on time since experiencing sexual developmental milestones, they reported current sexual orientation and sexual behaviors that were more same-sex centered and they scored higher on aspects of the identity integration process (e.g., more certain, comfortable, and accepting of their same-sex sexuality, more involved in gay-related social activities, more possessing of positive attitudes toward homosexuality, and more comfortable with others knowing about their sexuality) than youths who transited to a gay/lesbian identity and youths who consistently identified as bisexual. Contrary to the hypothesis that females are more sexually fluid than males, female youths were less likely to change identities than male youths. The finding that youths who transited to a gay/lesbian identity differed from consistently gay/lesbian youths suggests that identity integration continues after the adoption of a gay/lesbian sexual identity.

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) plays an essential role in fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, and most of the fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) known to date are characterized with a single ACP for each cycle of chain elongation. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis is catalyzed by the PUFA synthase, and all PUFA synthases known to date contain tandem ACPs (ranging from 5 to 9). Using the Pfa PUFA synthase from Shewanella japonica as a model system, we report here that these tandem ACPs are functionally equivalent regardless of their physical location within the PUFA synthase subunit, but the total number of ACPs controls the overall PUFA titer. These findings set the stage to interrogate other domains and subunits of PUFA synthase for their roles in controlling the final PUFA products and could potentially be exploited to improve PUFA production.

There are few published articles specific to research recruitment and retention in female military populations. Available resources broadly address recruitment challenges for Veterans, marginalized, hard-to-access, and transient research participants, which may provide guidance and strategies for success when applied to military populations.

Indirect, implicit measurement methods facilitate access to individual unconscious mental processes. In recent years, these methods have become more popular and are now broadly used in personality and social psychology. Approximately 20 implicit measurement methods have been developed, and new ones are being introduced continuously. So far, research on indirect measuring methods has focused on the development of new methods as well as improving existing ones. However, different methods have different strengths and the associated mental structures differ. This article provides a critical overview of implicit measurement methods by comparing them to selected criteria, to support the choice of method for a specific research purpose. Furthermore, we assess the suitability of the discussed implicit methods for marketing research. In this context, we show the superior potential of the affective misattribution procedure, a common example of a category of tasks used to measure attitudes implicitly. The affective misattribution procedure is an affective priming paradigm that, unlike other affective priming variants, depends on the response interference and has good internal consistency (.70 Ͻ ␣ Ͻ .90) and produces robust effects (average d ϭ 1.25).