BackgroundHyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a clinically distinct dermatosis and poorly characterized syndrome, comprised of hyperkeratotic plaques with variable symmetry and apoptosis similar to “classic” erosive canine EM. Hyperkeratotic EM has a protracted clinical course and, although treatments with glucocorticoids, azathioprine and/or ciclosporin have been tried, rates of remission are low.ObjectivesTo describe successful treatment of HKEM in two dogs using oclacitinib.AnimalsA 7‐year‐old, spayed Havanese dog (Case 1) and a 1‐year‐old, intact cryptorchid Dachshund dog (Case 2).MethodsCase characterization and clinical diagnoses were based on lesion character, surgical biopsy, cytological evaluation, culture, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and expected responses to treatments.ResultsBoth cases exhibited multifocal, often symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques with adherent scale. Histological findings revealed prominent epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic dermatitis and transepidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis. DIF revealed fine, patchy IgG, IgM and IgA basement membrane deposits (Case 2). Both dogs exhibited rapid improvement with oral oclacitinib (0.6–0.9 mg/kg twice daily) with a complete remission of clinical signs observed in 12 and seven weeks in cases 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceOclacitinib could be considered as a fast‐acting and effective treatment option for HKEM in dogs.
Canine EBA is a rare subepidermal blistering disease with an inflammatory phenotype and a predilection for young great danes and male dogs. The outcome of treatment appears more favourable than assumed previously.
Our findings suggest that sera from dogs with PF rarely contain IgA or IgE autoantibodies at levels detectable by indirect immunofluorescence, while IgM autoreactivity appears not to be a feature of this disease. Considering these findings, it appears that canine PF is aetiologically and immunologically similar to that of the classic human PF, in which the IgG autoantibody response is also the predominant type.
Background: Canine trunk-dominant pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is mentioned rarely in the literature.Hypothesis/Objectives: The goal of this study was to provide clinical description of trunk-dominant PF and to demonstrate the prevalence of serum antikeratinocyte, anti-desmocollin-1 (DSC1) and anti-desmoglein-1 (DSG1) antibodies, and determine their diagnostic value in this particular PF phenotype.Materials and methods: Clinically relevant information was collected from 31, 25 and 34 dogs with trunk-dominant and facial PF and superficial pyoderma (SP), respectively. Sera from these dogs were tested for antikeratinocyte, anti-DSC1 and anti-DSG1 antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence on canine tissues and DSC1-and DSG1-transfected cells. Sera from healthy dogs and dogs with clinically irrelevant diseases served as controls.Results: Footpad involvement and grouped/polycyclic lesion organisation were identified as features of both PF phenotypes, and not of SP.Antikeratinocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)G was not specific for canine PF. By contrast, antigen-specific IgG was detected only in PF sera; anti-DSC1 IgG in 100% and 58% of dogs with facial and trunk-dominant PF, respectively, and anti-DSG1 IgG in 7% of dogs with trunk-dominant PF only.
Conclusions:Trunk-dominant PF shares DSC1 as a major autoantigen with facial PF. The ability to detect anti-DSC1 IgG is lower in trunk-dominant PF, yet despite the lower sensitivity, the positive predictive value and accuracy of this particular anti-DSC1 IgG test are high. A negative test result, however, cannot exclude the diagnosis, and characteristic clinical features such as footpad involvement and/or grouped/polycyclic lesions must be considered when distinguishing trunk-dominant PF from its most relevant differential diagnosis: SP.
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