Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a plant endemic to North Sumatra. Its fruit has a very specific citrus-like aroma, gives a tingling sensation and is commonly used for seasoning in Bataknese traditional cuisine. To extend the shelf life and preserve the quality of andaliman fruit, post-harvest handling is needed. Seven drying methods were applied and compared, i.e. sun, air, fluidized bed, oven, far infrared, freeze, and spray drying. Considering the physicochemical and sensory properties and efficiency, oven drying was selected for further study. The optimum condition for drying was temperature at 54 °C for 8 h resulting in 0.67 desirability level based on the response surface method (RSM). Spray drying encapsulation of andaliman fruit extract was performed at an inlet temperature of 150 °C with an extract to carrier ratio of 1:8. Maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) with a ratio of 3:2 was chosen as the carrier agent. The quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) result showed that the encapsulated andaliman powder had a flavor that resembled fresh andaliman with a more pronounced taste, a citrus-like trigeminal sensation, and a sour floral citrusy aroma.

Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of freshwater fish which gives low gelling capacity due to its high content of sarcoplasmic protein and lipid contents. Catfish surimi was made into fish sausage with tapioca starch as filler and seaweed powder as gelling agent. Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii have ability to increase gelling properties because of its hydrocolloid content, carrageenan. In this research, different concentrations of E. cottonii seaweed powder were added to fish sausage. E. cottonii powder improved gel strength (1816.69 g.cm), WHC (88.67%) of fish sausage without giving any effect to the sensory properties of fish sausage (aroma, flavor, off-flavor, color). The best concentration of E. cottonii powder adding was 0.50%. Fish sausage added with seaweed powder (0.50%) had comparable WHC, gel properties (gel strength, biting and folding test) and sensory properties with commercial fish sausage marketed in Indonesia. Furthermore, fish sausages added by either seaweed powder had higher whiteness degree, whiter color, and higher dietary fiber content compare to commercial fish sausage.

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Nowadays, consumers are demanding for minimally processed, additive-free, high quality, fresh-like and microbiologically safe foods. However, as food deterioration is the constant threat along the entire food chain, food preservation remains as necessary today as in the past. In this paper, several citrus essential oils, including sweet orange, lemon and lime essential oil applied directly in fresh orange juice as a natural preservative, were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of each citrus essential oil was assessed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus niger using broth macrodilution. Among all citrus essential oils tested, sweet orange essential oil with 0.10% concentration showed significant antimicrobial activity against microorganisms tested. Hence, it was chosen to be applied in the fresh orange juice. Then, shelf life analysis was conducted during 7 d of storage at 5 °C and during 2 d of storage at 25 °C using selected concentration of the selected citrus essential oil in the fresh orange juice. Based on the results obtained, the addition of sweet orange essential oil with 0.10% concentration was not able to prolong the shelf life of the fresh orange juice according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, the formulation of fresh orange juice itself was able to improve its shelf life when compared to the shelf life of the commercial orange juice.

Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) memiliki kandungan lemak dan protein sarkoplasmik yang tinggi, berakibatpada rendahnya kemampuan pembentukan gel ikan lele. Perlakuan pencucian bertujuan meningkatkankualitas gel ikan lele. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pencucian satu tahap memberikan kekuatangel 1.560,23 g.cm; daya ikat air 81,30%; dan derajat keputihan 59,00%. Surimi ikan lele kemudian dibuatmenjadi sosis ikan dengan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan pengisi dan tepung rumput laut G. gigas sebagaigelling agent. G. gigas dapat meningkatkan kualitas gel sosis ikan karena kandungan hidrokoloid agaryang dikandungnya. Tepung G. gigas meningkatkan kekuatan gel (1.831,32 g.cm), daya ikat air (88,19%)dari sosis ikan lele tanpa memberi perubahan terhadap kualitas sensori (aroma, flavor, bau asing, warna)sosis ikan. Sosis ikan lele yang diberi penambahan tepung G. gigas (0,50%) memiliki kualitas gel (kekuatangel, hasil uji lipat, dan uji gigit), daya ikat air, dan kualitas sensori sebanding dengan sosis ikan komersialIndonesia. Sosis ikan lele dengan tepung rumput laut juga memiliki kandungan serat pangan yang lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan sosis ikan komersial.Kata kunci: Gracilaria gigas, ikan lele, sosis ikan, tepung rumput laut