Domestic violence and bullying are public health problems with serious and lasting physical and emotional consequences. This study investigated the perception of the social and affective support network (characterized by the links between the family and school contexts) of adolescents victimized by domestic violence and involved in bullying. Fifteen student participants from a school in the south of Brazil answered to the Five Field Map. Participants were selected using a questionnaire on bullying and a question from the Questionário Juventude Brasileira [Brazilian Youth Questionnaire]. After analyzing the network’s structure and adolescents’ perceptions regarding significant people, results indicated a greater number of positive contacts in the Relatives, Family, and School fields. The most cited support figures were family, friends, and teacher. Adolescents indicated their perpetrators of domestic violence as positive contacts. Understanding significant relationships that predispose adolescents to involvement in bullying contributes to the implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent different expressions of violence.
RESUMODificuldades na prática de sexo seguro em relacionamentos heterossexuais estáveis apontam para a necessidade de estudos que desloquem o foco do individual para o interacional. O estudo entrevistou 15 casais heterossexuais, com relacionamento estável de no mínimo um ano, que se apresentaram voluntariamente para testagem para HIV, em um serviço de saúde pública, entre os anos de 2001 e 2002. A entrevista versou sobre as negociações do casal para a prática de sexo seguro. A descrição qualitativa indicou que os casais apresentaram diferentes graus de clareza quanto à suscetibilidade de risco: 1) afirmação de não suscetibilidade; 2) admissão de suscetibilidade; e 3) inserção contraditória e ambígua. A análise indutiva ou temática concentrou-se em dois aspectos da suscetibilidade contraditória e ambígua: suspeita de contaminação por hábitos prévios e/ou remanescentes, e franqueza com o parceiro quanto aos cuidados de prevenção. A análise crítica ou interpretação mostrou que padrões relacionais entre gêneros fazem com que as mulheres abdiquem da prevenção em favor da manutenção do relacionamento. Por outro lado, os homens aumentam sua susceptibilidade ao manter padrões de comportamentos considerados viris. (FAPERGS). Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; relacionamentos conjugais. ABSTRACT Perception of heterosexual couples regarding susceptibility of infection by HIV/AIDSDifficulties in the practice of safe sexual intercourse by stable heterosexual couples pointed out the need for studies that change the focus from the individual to the relationship itself. The present study interviewed 15 heterosexual couples that presented themselves voluntary for HIV testing, at a public health service, between the years of 2001 and 2002. The interview asked about couple's negotiation on using safe methods for sexual intercourse. The qualitative description showed that the couples presented three different levels of understanding on risk of susceptibility to acquiring AIDS: 1) denying the risk, 2) admitting the risk, and 3) ambivalence about the risk. Subsequent inductive analysis concentrated upon two implications of ambivalence: suspicion of contamination from previous or remaining habits, and a lack of directness in talking about means of prevention. The critical analysis concluded that there was a relational pattern between the sexes. A crucial point for women, in avoiding the use of preventive means, was the need acquiesce to the man's preference in to keep a relationship. In contrast, men increased their susceptibility to AIDS by assuming avoidance was a sign of their virility.
Palavras chave: adolescentes; avaliação; situação de rua; programas sociais; abordagem social de rua. AbstractThe study investigated adolescents in street situation perception of a street outreach service's intervention in a city in the south of Brazil. Focus Group methodology was employed and seven adolescents (13-18 years old) participated. Qualitative data were systematized into three axes of analysis: 1) adolescent-focused interventions; 2) family-focused interventions; 3) the outreach street service as part of a social protection system. The service was perceived as a relevant microsystem and the proximal processes were established from social support offered in all modalities. Informal emotional support was highlighted due to the bond and proximity of users to workers. Implications for social policies are discussed.
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