Recent strides in micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies have sparked the development of micro-/nanorobots with enhanced power and functionality. Due to the advantages of on-demand motion control, long lifetime, and great biocompatibility, magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobots have exhibited considerable promise in the fields of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and environmental remediation. The magnetic fields which provide energy for propulsion can be categorized into rotating and oscillating magnetic fields. In this review, recent developments in oscillating magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobot fabrication techniques (such as electrodeposition, self-assembly, electron beam evaporation, and three-dimensional (3D) direct laser writing) are summarized. The motion mechanism of oscillating magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobots are also discussed, including wagging propulsion, surface walker propulsion, and scallop propulsion. With continuous innovation, micro-/nanorobots can become a promising candidate for future applications in the biomedical field. As a step toward designing and building such micro-/nanorobots, several types of common fabrication techniques are briefly introduced. Then, we focus on three propulsion mechanisms of micro-/nanorobots in oscillation magnetic fields: (1) wagging propulsion; (2) surface walker; and (3) scallop propulsion. Finally, a summary table is provided to compare the abilities of different micro-/nanorobots driven by oscillating magnetic fields.
A thermal network model of the gear-bearing system used in a certain type of space robot was built, for investigating the temperature field distribution of the system in the space environment. Based on the Fourier's law of heat conduction, the thermal impedances of the components were computed by taking the vacuum and the grease lubricant conditions into account. The temperature of the key points of the system was obtained. The finite element simulation was performed to verify the validity of the model by using a finite element sub-modeling technique. The results show that the thermal resistances computed by the heat network model meet well with those by the finite element method. It shows that the thermal network model and the finite element simulation for the gear-bearing system are feasible. The present work provides a crucial support for the research methodology of the executive components of the space robot.
Case of Identical Eigenvalues 3 Properties of the Recurrence Relation (2.8) 4 Case of DifFerent Eigenvalues 5 Properties of the Recurrence Relation (4.11) 6 Concluding Remarks References
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