Cooperation between the fog and the cloud in mobile cloud computing environments could offer improved offloading services to smart mobile user equipment (UE) with computation intensive tasks. In this paper, we tackle the computation offloading problem in a mixed fog/cloud system by jointly optimizing the offloading decisions and the allocation of computation resource, transmit power and radio bandwidth, while guaranteeing user fairness and maximum tolerable delay. This optimization problem is formulated to minimize the maximal weighted cost of delay and energy consumption (EC) among all UEs, which is a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, we propose a low-complexity suboptimal algorithm to solve it, where the offloading decisions are obtained via semidefinite relaxation and randomization and the resource allocation is obtained using fractional programming theory and Lagrangian dual decomposition. Simulation results are presented to verify the convergence performance of our proposed algorithms and their achieved fairness among UEs, and the performance gains in terms of delay, EC and the number of beneficial UEs over existing algorithms. Index Terms-Computation offloading, cloud computing, fog computing, resource allocation, min-max fairness.
⎯This letter considers the problem of resource sharing among a relay and multiple user nodes in cooperative transmission networks. We formulate this problem as a sellers' market competition and use a noncooperative game to jointly consider the benefits of the relay and the users. We also develop a distributed algorithm to search the Nash equilibrium, the solution of the game. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed game can stimulate cooperative diversity among the selfish user nodes and coordinate resource allocation among the user nodes effectively.
This paper investigates an integrated wireless communication system including non-orthogonal multiple access, fullduplex relaying, and energy harvesting techniques (named as EH-FD-NOMA). In this scheme, an energy-limited full-duplex relay harvests energy from a source at the first stage. Then, the relay detects the superimposed signal from the source and transmits the decoded signal to destination. Closed-form outage probabilities and ergodic rates at the relay and destination are derived. Numerical results verify the analytical results and show the superior performance of the EH-FD-NOMA if compared to its counterparts.
In this paper, we consider the problem of stimulating cooperation and resource allocation in cooperative transmission networks. We formulate this problem as a sellers' market competition where a relay is willing to share its resource with multiple users. We use a Stackelberg game to jointly consider the benefits of the relay and the users. Firstly, the relay determines the price of relaying according to the user demand. Secondly, the users purchase the optimal amount of resources to maximize their utilities. Although the Nash equilibrium, i.e., the solution of the game, can be obtained in a centralized manner, we develop a distributed algorithm to search the Nash equilibrium, which is more applicable in practical systems. Also, the convergence conditions of the algorithm are analyzed. Simulation results show, by using the distributed algorithm, the relay and the users could determine what price should ask for and how much bandwidth should buy, respectively.
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