Hydrogen production through solar energy is one of the most important pathways to meet the growing demand of renewable energy, and photocatalyst participation in solar hydrolytic hydrogen production has received great attention in recent years in terms of low cost, high efficiency, and flexible design. Particularly, g-C 3 N 4 (Graphiticlike carbon nitride material), as a unique material, can catalyze the hydrogen production process by completing the separation and transmission of charge. The easily adjustable pore structure/surface area, dimension, band-gap modulation and defect have shown great potential for hydrogen production from water cracking. In this review, the most recent advance of g-C 3 N 4 including the doping of metal and non-metal elements, and the formation of semiconductor heterojunction is highlighted. The main modification strategies and approaches for the design of g-C 3 N 4 for hydrogen production, as well as the influence of various materials on hydrogen evolution regarding the photocatalysis mechanism and advantages brought by theoretical calculations are specially and briefly illustrated. Potential design pathways and strategies of g-C 3 N 4 are discussed. In addition, current challenges of hydrogen production from g-C 3 N 4 water splitting are summarized and can be expected.
Ferroptosis is a new mode of cell death, which can be induced by Fenton reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation. However, the insufficient H 2 O 2 and high GSH in tumor cells restrict the efficiency of Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis. Herein, a self-supplying lipid peroxide nanoreactor was developed to co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), iron and unsaturated lipid for efficient ferroptosis. By leveraging the coordination effect between DOX and Fe 3+ , trisulfide bond-bridged DOX dimeric prodrug was actively loaded into the core of the unsaturated lipids-rich liposome via iron ion gradient method. First, Fe 3+ could react with the overexpressed GSH in tumor cells, inducing the GSH depletion and Fe 2+ generation. Second, the cleavage of trisulfide bond could also consume GSH, and the released DOX induces the generation of H 2 O 2, which would react with the generated Fe 2+ in step one to induce efficient Fenton reaction-dependent ferroptosis. Third, the formed Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ couple could directly catalyze peroxidation of unsaturated lipids to boost Fenton reaction-independent ferroptosis. This iron-prodrug liposome nanoreactor precisely programs multimodal ferroptosis by integrating GSH depletion, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, providing new sights for efficient cancer therapy.
In this paper, three monitoring sections were set up in Heilongtan Reservoir, and water samples were collected in 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the determination of physical and chemical properties such as permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The water quality was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method, and the temporal and spatial changes of water quality were analyzed.The single factor pollution index method determines the water quality category by identifying the single worst indicator of water quality, based on the classified water quality category. The Nemerow pollution index method emphasizes the most polluting factor while also taking into account the contribution of other factors in the assessment system, and determines the water quality category through the comprehensive pollution index. The results of the study indicate that the monitoring indicators of the monitoring sections have reached the Category III water quality standard and above in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" during the three years 2019 to 2021. The Heilongtan Reservoir’s water quality in 2019, 2020, and 2021 is of Category I standard, according to the results of the evaluation of water quality using the single factor pollution index technique. According to the Nemerow pollution index method’s results for evaluating water quality, the water quality pollution index for the three monitoring sections as a whole ranges from 0.36 to 0.51 in three years. The three monitoring sections’ water quality—Dongfeng Canal, Longmiao, and Sixin Village—has not changed significantly during that time, remaining clean. In terms of temporal and spatial rates of change, the temporal rate of change (T) and spatial rate of change (S) over the three years were less than 20%, and the changes in water quality at each monitoring site were not significant.
In this paper, three monitoring sections were set up in Lugu Lake, and water samples were collected in 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the determination of physical and chemical properties such as permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and so on. By using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method, the water quality of three monitoring sections and the whole Lugu Lake was assessed, and the temporal and spatial changes of water quality were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that Lugu Lake's overall water quality is excellent, and that it has not altered significantly in three years.The results of evaluating the water quality by the single factor pollution index method show that, in the past three years, the water quality of the three monitoring sections and the whole of Lugu Lake is Category I, which belongs to no pollution, and the measured indicators all meet the water quality standard of Category I. It can be seen from the evaluation results of the Nemerow index method that the water quality pollution index of Lugu Lake is between 0.22 and 0.34 in the past three years and the water quality evaluation of Changdao Bay, Lake center, Zhaojia Bay and the whole are Category I standards in 2019, 2020 and 2021. In terms of time changes, the water quality of Lugu Lake has remained stable between 2019 and 2021, and the water quality has been good. From the perspective of spatial changes, in 2019 and 2020, the water quality in Lake center is better than the monitoring sections of Changdao Bay and Zhaojia Bay.
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