Male infertility has occurred rapidly in the last few decades, primarily in developing countries. An antioxidant, hesperetin is a flavonoid that is found in abundance in orange peels. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of hesperetin on blood sugar levels, spermatozoaquality, and spermatozoa quantity. The research structure included induction of diabetes mellitus and treatment for 8 weeks, followed bydetermination of blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quality, and spermatozoa quantity. Hesperetin has the ability to restore blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quantity, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight, volume, and germinal epithelial layer thickness with significant difference from the normal control group. Hesperetin did not fully restore spermatozoa motility, viability, and morphology with significant difference from the normal control group, nor from the positive control group. However, overall, hesperetin decreased blood glucose levels, increased spermatozoa quantity, and improved the spermatozoa quality in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus mice. Dose-dependent activity was observed with the optimum dose at 200 mg/kg body weight.

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition that cholesterol in the blood increases beyond the normal which is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arabica coffee leaves are part of the arabica coffee plant which contains flavonoid, saponin, mangiferin, chlorogenic acid which are thought to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the antihypercholesterolemia effectiveness of arabica coffee leaves ethanol extract (ACLEE) in male rats induced by a high-fat diet. The test of antihypercholesterolemia effectiveness used male rats induced by a high-fat diet as test animals. The study used 25 rats and divided into 5 groups : negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (simvastatin 0.9 mg/kgBW), ACLEE 200 mg/kgBW, ACLEE 300 mg/kgBW and ACLEE 400 mg/kgBW. Total cholesterol were measured by the CHOD-PAP method. The data obtained were analyzed statistically used one way Anova. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between negative control with positive control, ACLEE 200, 300 and 400 mg/kgBW (p-value<0.05). The decrease in total cholesterol levels increased in line with the increase in the dose of arabica coffee leaves ethanol extract. The most effective of ACLEE as antihypercholesterolemia was ACLEE 400 mg/kgBW. There was no significant difference between positive control and ACLEE 400 mg/kgBW (p.>0.05). Based on the results of statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the arabica coffee leaves ethanol extract has antihypercholesterolemic effect in rats.

Introduction: Jeringau rhizome plants are one of the traditional plants which are used as antibacterial. Method: The extraction process was carried out by maceration using 80% ethanol. The effectiveness of jeringau rhizome testing was divided into 5 treatments, the positive group used betadine ointment, negative control using an ointment base, and the test group used ethanol extract ointment with 5%, 10% and 15% concentration. Cut wounds given to the rabbit's back with a 2 cm long wound and 2 mm deep, the ointment applied twice a day for 13 days and measured using a ruler or calipers. Result: The results show that Jeringau rhizome contains flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and alkaloid metabolites which can be used as wound heal wound healers. This study aims to determine its effectiveness as a wound healer wound. Conclusions: indicate that the ointment extract jeringau rhizome at a concentration of 15% is the most effective control as a wound healer but the ointment extract of jeringau rhizome ethanol extract is less effective when compared to betadine ointment as a wound healer in rabbits. .

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of binara herbs (Artemisia vulgaris L.) ethanol extract on male mice.Methods: Binara herbs powder was extracted is used ethanol 96% by maceration, then made into a suspension preparation used 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose with 3 dose variations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg). Further, the extract was administrated orally in mice for 7 consecutive days. 4 h after the last orally, cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg IP was injected. 30 h after cyclophosphamide injection, the animals were killed, and the samples of bone marrow were prepared and stained with gems. For each sample, 200 cells of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and the same number of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) and the cells containing their micronucleus (MN) were counted using the MN test method in vivo.Results: Cyclophosphamide increased the frequency of MnPCE and decreased cell proliferation (PCE/PCE+NCE). All doses of extracts significantly reduced the frequency of MnPCE (p<0.05). The cell proliferation ratio (PCE/PCE+NCE) was also increased. The most effective dose is 300 mg/kg because it has the greatest ability to decrease the frequency of MnPCE and increase the cell proliferation ratio.Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that binara herbs (A. vulgaris L.) ethanol extract has potent antimutagenic activity.

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