Major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry of the late Cretaceous lower Zhoutian Formation from the Jitai Basin of Southeast China were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectromentry (ICP-MS) analysis. The paleoclimate, paleo-environment and provenance of lower Zhoutian Formation in the Jitai Basin are analyzed in detail with these data.According to the research, the range of Sr/Cu values is wide, which indicates the changeable palaeoclimate, the curves of FeO/MnO and Al2O3/MgO are negatively correlated with the Sr/Cu curves. These changes indicate that the palaeoclimate of the late Cretaceous lower Zhoutian Formation in the Jitai Basin was divided into two parts. The lower part experienced two cooling events; the upper part was dominated by warm humid climate.The changes of B/Ga and Sr/Ba curves are similar to Sr/Cu curves. According to these values, the salinity of the late Cretaceous lower Zhoutian Formation in the Jitai Basin was consistent with palaeoclimate. The salinity of lower part changed from salt water to fresh/brackish water. The upper part was mainly fresh/brackish water, and there were many changes from fresh/brackish water to salt water. The values of Ni/Co, V/Cr, V/(V + Ni) and Ce/Ce* are relatively stable, indicating a long-term oxidation environment. The diagrams of La-Th-Sc, Th-Sc-Zr/10, La/Th-Hf and sandstone-siltstone background function show that the provenance in lower Zhoutian Formation mainly is a mixture of upper crust felsic sediments and old components.
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Purpose
We aimed to establish a next-generation sequencing panel for the molecular diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
Methods
The panel, named ThyNod Panel, was designed to detect SNV, indel, fusion, CNV in 48 thyroid malignancy associated genes as rule in markers, 3 benign associated genes as rule out markers, RNA expression levels in 16 thyroid differentiation/function genes and 23 cell identity marker genes. We retrospectively tested 68 frozen/4 FFPE tissues and prospectively tested 107 thyroid FNA samples.
Results
Seventeen nodules were C cell origin, one was parathyroid and the others were follicular cell. For follicular cell derived thyroid nodules, 123/161 (76%) were found mutations: malignancy associated mutations were BRAF V600E (n = 80), RAS mutations (n = 12), RET/PTC fusions (n = 7), NTRK3 fusions (n = 6) and, BRAF fusions (n = 4), PIK3CA mutations (n = 3); benign associated mutations were identified in 3 nodules, all with SPOP mutations. The accuracy of the ThyNod Panel in diagnosing malignant and benign follicular cell derived thyroid nodules was 91.30% (95% CI, 85.58–96.17), with sensitivity and specificity as 98.68% and 56.25%; for Bethesda category III/IV nodules, nine (64%, 9/14) were positive with malignancy associated mutations and molecular findings in 67% (4/6) nodules were consistent with histopathologic diagnosis. Eight nodules carried two or more driver alterations, two with ATA high-risk thyroid cancers.
Conclusion
ThyNod Panel can efficiently identify genetic characteristics in thyroid nodules and be applied in the molecular diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
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