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The shape of apparel is one of the most important elements in fashion design, for example, the three-dimensional shape of apparel can be quite creative and fashionable. The current technologies for creating the three-dimensional shape of apparel are many, but have their limitations in dealing with various fabrics, particularly light and soft fabrics. This article presents a new method to rapidly create three-dimensional shape of apparel for avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages. The method combines thermal bonding of thermoplastic polyurethane film and vacuum forming. In this study, 12 kinds of commercial fabrics were selected and then tested. All these fabrics were first bonded to thermoplastic polyurethane film and then rapidly applied to the vacuum forming machine to form the three-dimensional mold-like shape. This research analyzed the factors of molding a fabric to a good three-dimensional shape of apparel and the relative tests to be carried out for validating its stability for the selected fabric samples. There are two main contributions of this study. The first is to propose a more effective method for three-dimensional shape of apparel in fashion design. The second is to provide useful information for fabric selection and determination of bonding temperature in molding.

Coated fabrics are widely used in tension structures. In order to investigate the tensile behaviors of the coated fabrics, one group of specimens was cut out from multi-axial warp-knitted polyester fabrics coated with polyurethane on one side. These failure strengths of polyurethane-coated multi-axial warp-knitted fabrics were obtained by the method of uniaxial tensile test and a failure stress criterion is presented for the kind of materials. The results show that the coated fabric is anisotropic material, and the coating has great influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Furthermore, the failure stress criterion can be used for references in material design and application.

In practice, the coated fabric is available in many shapes and sizes, not just rectangle and plane. In order to increase the shape-shifting abilities of coated fabrics, polyurethanecoated multi-axial warp-knitted fabric (PU-CMWKF) is developed. In this paper, the tensile characteristics of PU-CMWKF were investigated. Five groups of tensile experiments, with off-axial angles of 0 , 22 , 45 , 67.5 , and 90 , were conducted under constant velocity. The failure mechanism was explored by analyzing the damaged specimens. Additionally, the deformation behavior of PU-CMWKF in three regions was investigated by utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) system, and an orthogonal anisotropic model was used to predict the modulus and Poisson's ratio of 22.5 and 67.5 . Research results showed that the apparent modulus of PU-CMWKF strongly depended on the cut of directions. And the failure mechanism under in-plane direction loading suggests that tensile and shear failure act together. The analytical model is validated along five directions in the representation of elastic constant under corresponding small strain.