Abstract. A total of 120 commercial drivers from four age groups participated in the expressway driving test in Shandong, China, to perform continuous driving tasks of 2, 3, and 4 h and collect the data on the driver's blinking, driving performance, and self-reported level of sleepiness. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the e ects of driving duration on the variation of the eye-blink behavior, driving performance, and subjective feeling of sleepiness across the di erent age groups over the time periods tested. Additionally, Pearson product-moment correlation was used to quantify the association between the variations of the dependent variables. The results showed that there was signi cant di erence between groups, signi cant e ect over time, and signi cant interaction between the age and driving duration in the variations of the driver's blink frequency, blink duration, closure duration, speed perception, choice reaction time, the number of incorrect action judgments, and subjective level of sleepiness. However, a signi cant di erence varied over time, yet no e ect of the interaction between groups and time was found in the variation of the driver's attention allocation value. Furthermore, driver's eye blink measures were more sensitive to sleepiness, and older drivers were more likely to get sleepy in long distance driving.
Driver sleepiness is one of the most important causes of traffic accidents. Efficient and stable algorithms are crucial for distinguishing nonfatigue from fatigue state. Relevance vector machine (RVM) as a leading-edge detection approach allows meeting this requirement and represents a potential solution for fatigue state detection. To accurately and effectively identify the driver’s fatigue state and reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by driver sleepiness, this paper considers the degree of driver’s mouth opening and eye state as multi-source related variables and establishes classification of fatigue and non-fatigue states based on the related literature and investigation. On this basis, an RVM model for automatic detection of the fatigue state is proposed. Twenty male respondents participated in the data collection process and a total of 1000 datasets of driving status (half of non-fatigue and half of fatigue) were obtained. The results of fatigue state recognition were analysed by different RVM classifiers. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the RVM-driven state classifiers with different kernel functions was higher than 90%, which indicated that the mouth-opening degree and the eye state index used in this work were closely related to the fatigue state. Based on the obtained results, the proposed fatigue state identification method has the potential to improve the fatigue state detection accuracy. More importantly, it provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of fatigue state warning methods.
Rational use of urban underground space (UUS) and public transportation transfer underground can solve urban traffic problems. Accurate short-term prediction of passenger flow can ensure the efficient, safe, and comfortable operation of subway stations. However, complex and nonlinear interdependencies between time steps and time series complicate such predictions. This study considered temporal patterns across multiple time steps and selected relevant information on short-term passenger flow for prediction. A hybrid model based on the temporal pattern attention (TPA) mechanism and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network was developed (i.e., TPA-LSTM) for predicting the future number of passengers in subway stations. The TPA mechanism focuses on the hidden layer output values of different time steps in history and of the current time as well as correlates these output values to improve the accuracy of the model. The card swiping data from the Hangzhou Metro automatic fare collection system in China were used for verification and analysis. This model was compared with a convolutional neural network (CNN), LSTM, and CNN-LSTM. The results showed that the TPA-LSTM outperformed the other models with good applicability and accuracy. This study provides a theoretical basis for the pre-allocation of subway resources to avoid subway station crowding and stampede accidents.
In many congested areas, shared parking has gotten increasing attention because of its potential to alleviate parking resource shortages. However, managing parking resources remains a challenge when simultaneously considering multiple decision-making criteria of public travelers in allocating parking spaces and recommending optimal parking routes. To fill this gap, from four perspectives, i.e., driving, among shared parking lots, at a shared parking lot, between shared parking spaces and destinations, we proposed nine criteria for shared parking space allocations and parking route recommendations, and we also gave the quantitative models for different criteria. Furthermore, an analytic hierarchy process Entropy-TOPSIS grey relational analysis (AHP-Entropy-TOPSIS-GRA) method and an improved ant colony algorithm were proposed to solve the proposed allocation of parking spaces and recommend optimal parking routes, respectively. Finally, the validity of our proposed models and algorithms was tested by empirical parking data and road traffic data collected in Huai’an City, Jiangsu province, China. The research helps provide a theoretical foundation for implementing shared parking initiatives and improving public travelers’ parking satisfaction.
In order to solve the problems of low utilization rate of large parking lots and low efficiency of parking turnover, it is proposed to use A-star algorithm to plan the shortest path for finding a car, and run it in Android system to realize reverse car-searching. By analyzing the current situation of large underground parking lot barriers, A-star algorithm converts the starting point to the destination route into the corresponding parking space to the destination parking space path, calculates the optimal path and provides real-time path car navigation for the vehicle owner. According to the path searched by the A-star algorithm in the Android system, the time spent by the user to blindly search for the vehicle is largely saved, and the parking space utilization rate and the parking turnover rate are effectively improved. Therefore, the research has certain application value in the large parking lots.
Mopeds (electric bicycles and light motorcycles) are commonly used as a personal transportation mode in China. However, the understanding of characteristics of left-turning mopeds at signal-controlled intersections has been relatively limited. To bridge this gap, firstly, this paper proposed a video conversion method of moped movement data acquisition. Then, a method of data accuracy verification was introduced by comparing the results between the field experiment and the video conversion method. Secondly, the ideal traffic space for left-turn mopeds from different entrances was defined to analyse the characteristics of the left-turning mopeds at intersections. Further, three indicators, namely, transverse distance, the proportion of left-turning mopeds with crossing behaviour, and the average number of avoidance behaviour, were proposed and used to analyse the asymmetrical characteristics behaviour, crossing behaviour, and avoidance behaviour. Finally, based on empirical data collected from five signal-controlled intersections, the proposed methods and behaviours were analysed. This paper provides both a valid method of obtaining the position data of mopeds and a reliable basis for improving the safety of left-turning moped riders at urban signal-controlled intersections.
Distracted driving is one of the main causes of road crashes. Therefore, effective distinguishing of distracted driving behaviour and its category is the key to reducing the incidence of road crashes. To identify distracted driving behaviour accurately and effectively, this paper uses the head posture as a relevant variable and realizes the classification of distracted driving behaviour based on the relevant literature and investigation. A distracted driving discrimination algorithm based on the facial feature triangle is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the Bayesian network is employed to judge driving behaviour categories. The proposed algorithm is verified by experiments using data from 20 volunteers. The experimental results show that the discrimination accuracy of the proposed algorithm is as high as 90%, which indicates that the head posture parameters used in this study are closely related to the distracted driving state. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high accuracy in the discrimination and classification of distracted driving behaviour and can effectively reduce the accident rate caused by distracted driving. Moreover, it can provide a basis for the research of distracted driving behaviour and is conducive to the formulation of the corresponding laws and regulations.
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