A self-powered temperature sensor based on Seebeck effect transduction was designed for photothermal−thermoelectric coupled immunoassay of α-fetoprotein (AFP). In this system, glucose oxidase (GOx)-conjugated detection antibody was first captured onto the microplate by target-induced sandwich-type immunoreaction. Thereafter, the as-generated hydrogen peroxide via the GOx−glucose system oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetrametylbenzidine (TMB) into photothermal product oxidized TMB (ox-TMB). Under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the temperature change of ox-TMB was read out in an electrical signal by the flexible thermoelectric module in a 3D-printed integrated detection device. Under optimal conditions, the photothermal−thermoelectric coupled immunoassay exhibited a limit of detection of 0.39 ng mL −1 AFP over a dynamic linear range from 0.5 to 60 ng mL −1 . Impressively, such a strategy presented herein offers tremendous potentials for applying many other high-efficiency thermoelectric materials in ultrasensitive biosensors.
Background: Dysbiosis of human gut microbiota is associated with a wide range of metabolic disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Yet whether gut microbiota dysbiosis participates in the etiology of GDM remains largely unknown.Objectives: Our study was initiated to determine whether the alternations in gut microbial composition during early pregnancy linked to the later development of GDM, and explore the feasibility of microbial biomarkers for the early prediction of GDM.
Study design:This nested case-control study was based upon an early pregnancy follow-up cohort (ChiCTR1900020652). Gut microbiota profiles of 98 subjects with GDM and 98 matched healthy controls during the early pregnancy (10-15 weeks) were assessed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V4 region. The data set was randomly split into a discovery set and a validation set, the former was used to analyze the differences between GDM cases and controls in gut microbial composition and functional annotation, and to establish an early identification model of GDM, then the performance of the model was verified by the external validation set.Results: Bioinformatic analyses revealed changes to gut microbial composition with significant differences in relative abundance between the groups. Specifically, Eisenbergiella, Tyzzerella 4, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were enriched in the GDM group, whereas Parabacteroides, Megasphaera, Eubacterium eligens group, etc. remained dominant in the controls. Correlation analysis revealed that GDM-enriched genera Eisenbergiella and Tyzzerella 4 were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels, while three control-enriched genera (Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, and Ruminococcaceae UCG 002) were the opposite. Further, GDM functional annotation modules revealed enrichment of modules for sphingolipid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, etc., while lysine biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were reduced. Finally, five genera and two clinical indices were included in the linear discriminant analysis model for the prediction of GDM; the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of the training and validation sets were 0.736 (95% confidence interval: 0.663-0.808) and 0.696 (0.575-0.818), respectively. Ma et al.
Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis Before GDMConclusions: Gut bacterial dysbiosis in early pregnancy was found to be associated with the later development of GDM, and gut microbiota-targeted biomarkers might be utilized as potential predictors of GDM.
This
work reports a contactless photoelectrochemical biosensor
based on an ultraviolet-assisted gas sensor (UV–AGS) with a
homemade three-dimensional (3D)-SnS2 nanosheet-functionalized
interdigitated electrode. After rigorous examination, it was found
that the gas responsiveness accelerated and the sensitivity increased
using the UV irradiation strategy. The effects of the interlayer structure
and the Schottky heterojunction on the gas-sensitive response of O2 and NH3 under UV irradiation were further investigated
theoretically by 3D electrostatic field simulations and first-principles
density functional theory to reveal the mechanism. Finally, a UV–AGS
device was developed to quantify the blood ammonia bioassay in a small-volume
whole blood sample by alkalizing blood to release gas-phase ammonia
with a linear range of 25–5000 μM with a limit of detection
(LOD) of 29.5 μM. The device also enables a rapid immunoassay
of human cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with a linear range of 0.4–25.6
ng/mL and an LOD of 0.37 ng/mL using a urease-labeled antibody as
the immune recognition molecule. Both analyses showed satisfying specificity
and stability, suggesting that the device can be applied to practical
assays and is of great potential to increase the value of gas-sensitive
sensors in chemical biosensing.
An innovative photoelectrochemical biosensor was designed for the quantitative monitoring of microRNA with horseradish peroxidase-single stranded DNA-encoded magnetic beads cleaved by the catalytic hairpin assembly-mediated CRISPR-Cas12a system by using yolk-in-shell Au@CdS as a photoactive material.
Accurate identification of acutely toxic and low-fatality mycotoxins on a large scale in a quick and cheap manner is critical for reducing population mortality. Herein, a portable photothermal immunosensing platform supported by a microelectromechanical microsystem (MEMS) without enzyme involvement was reported for point-of-care testing of mycotoxins (in the case of aflatoxin B 1 , AFB 1 ) in food based on the precise satellite structure of Au nanoparticles. The synthesized Au nanoparticles with a well-defined, graded satellite structure exhibited a significantly enhanced photothermal response and were coupled by AFB 1 antibodies to form signal conversion probes by physisorption for further target-promoted competitive responses in microplates. In addition, a coin-sized miniature NIR camera device was constructed for temperature acquisition during target testing based on advanced MEMS fabrication technology to address the limitation of expensive signal acquisition components of current photothermal sensors. The proposed MEMS readoutbased microphotothermal test method provides excellent AFB 1 response in the range of 0.5−500 ng g −1 with detection limits as low as 0.27 ng g −1 . In addition, the main reasons for the efficient photothermal transduction efficiency of Au with different graded structures were analyzed by finite element simulations, providing theoretical guidance for the development of new Au-based photothermal agents. In conclusion, the proposed portable micro-photothermal test system offers great potential for point-of-care diagnostics for residents, which will continue to facilitate immediate food safety identification in resource-limited regions.
The point-of-care (POC) method with affordability and
portability
for the sensitive detection of biological substances is an emerging
topic in rapid disease screening and personalized medicine. In this
work, we demonstrated a diverse responsive platform based on a dual-channel
pressure sensor (DCPS). The DCPS had a multilayer flexible architecture
consisting of a photonic hydrogel with chromatic transitions and a
piezoresistive pressure sensor as the electrical data transmission
unit, both of which had the property of pressure-induced mechanical
stimulus feedback. By incorporating a platinum nanoparticles-labeled
detection antibody (PtNPs-dAb) into the sandwich-type immunoreaction
for the target carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, as a model analyte),
gas decomposition could be triggered by the addition of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) to induce a significant increase under
pressure in a closed chamber. Meanwhile, the DCPS enabled an accurate
electrical signal output, and the photonic hydrogel converted spatiotemporal
stimuli into eye-readable colorations with string brilliance. In this
way, the target concentration could be quantificationally related
to the electrical response and intuitively perceived through visible
color alterations. Under optimal conditions, a sensitive determination
of CEA was performed in a detectable range of 0.3–60 ng/mL
with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.13 ng/mL. In addition, the proposed
protocol had satisfactory selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility.
Furthermore, an array-based immunoassay device was fabricated to conceptually
validate its application potential in high-throughput biomedical detection
and inspire a dual-signal POC diagnostic platform in a friendly way
for resource-limited settings.
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