Abstract. Compared with conventional activated sludge system, applied magnetic field or adding magnetic materials in activated sludge system exhibits a better performance of enzyme activity, sludge settling, microbial activity. It also shows an obvious influence on bacterial activity, dissolved oxygen and pollution loadings. Even more, the removal efficiency of organic pollutions, N and P in this system shows an obvious increase. The biomagnetic effect is a promising technology in wastewater treatment.
Abstract. Anammox process has been recently recognized as a promising technology for nitrogenous contaminants removal. of the anammox attracted more attention because of its lower sludge production and cost of without adding organic carbon source and aeration, In this study, the development of anammox, application status of anammox technology was reviewed. The limitations, applications and prospect of anammox technology was also summarized. Development of AnammoxDiscovery of Anammox. In 1977, Austrian theoretical chemist Broda predicted the presence of ammonia oxidation in the presence of nitrate or nitrite under anaerobic conditions in nature [1] . Until 1990s, it was confirmed in a pilot plant treating wastewater at Delft University of Technology. Mulder found the simultaneous loss phenomenon of ammonia and nitrate in a three-stage biological treatment systems, and proved that the ammonia and nitrate convert simulataneously and produce nitrogen gas. The reaction process is called anammox [2] . Reaction Mechanism of Anammox. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AAOB) use ammonium as electron donor, with nitrite as electron acceptor to produce nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. The stoichiometric relationship of anammox [3] was shown in equation 1. The substrate required for the reaction are ammonium and nitrite, and the alkalinity was generated . The reaction can be divided into two parts. The first part is the energy production process, as shown in equation 2. The second part is biomass generation process, as shown in equation 3. AAOB and Biological Characteristics. At present, 9 species of 5 genera of AAOB were isolated and identified. AAOB are gram negative bacteria, budding reproduction. Cell was divided into three parts: anammoxosome, riboplasm, paryphoplasm. The anammox process occurs in the anammoxosome, which accounts for 50% -80% of the cell volume [4] . AAOB have a long generation time (about 11 days), in a short period of time, anammox reactor difficult to enrich the larger concentrations of bacteria. According to the reports in the literature, the anammox activity showed strong correlation with anammox abundance. The first physical anammox reactor was launched at Netherlands for two years.
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