More and more environmental hormones (EHs) had been released into the environment, and it has caused a certain influence and interference on normal activities of the organisms. The EHs genetic toxicity testing methods have been constantly improved with the development of molecular biology techniques. This paper mainly reported the gene-toxicity methods, present status and took an outlook for the research trend on EHs.
Some researches on heavy metals treatment and disposal methods have been reported, the studies related to the single heavy metal toxicity are developed, but the relatively on toxicity of multi-compounds heavy metals and their mixture have been poorly discussed. This article describes the levels of single heavy metals, compares the strengths and weaknesses of diferent test methods, emphasizes on the characteristics of joint toxicity with mixture. The analysis results discover that the combined toxicity of heavy metals vary with different mixtures combinations, test target, methods and some predictive models were adopted to determine the dose-effect relationship. which propose the development direction of heavy metals toxicity, provide theoretical support for the establishment of environmental monitoring and evaluation methods system.
The joint toxicity of aniline, 2-methylaniline, 3-methylaniline, 4-methylaniline, 2-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, and 4-chloroaniline on photobacterium were predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models, and joint effect indices including toxic units, additive index, mixture toxicity index, and similarity parameter. The tested mixture presented synergism.
The low-dose and combined effects of aniline, 2-methyl-aniline, 3-methyl-aniline, 4-methyl-aniline, nitrobenzene, 4-methyl-nitrobenzene, phenol, 2-methyl-phenol, 3-methyl-phenol, 4-methyl-phenol, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate on photobacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis were predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition and independent action models. The mixture effects can be predicted by concentration addition and independent action models. Combined effect of environmental pollutants should be considered in risk assessment practice.
The organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including a large group of insecticides were widely used in the world in the agriculture and household. OCPs are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation, bioaccumulated in body, and enlarged in the food chain, they are great harm to humans and animals. Although OCPs have been banned for about 40 years, they are still remained in the environment. OCPs are toxic to human and animals, and some compounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. OCPs are also considered as endocrine disruptors, which interfere with the hormone system and can cause birth defects, reproductive and developmental disorders, as well as some cancerous tumors. There is ongoing concern over the risks to human and wildlife reproductive health of OCPs. This overview introduces the effects of OCPs on human reproduction.
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