Copper-coated graphite and copper mixture powders were deposited on AZ31B magnesium alloy and 6061 T6 aluminum alloy substrates under different process parameters by a solid-state cold spray technique. The microstructure of the copper-coated graphite and copper composite coatings was visually examined using photographs taken with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The surface roughness of the coatings was investigated with a 3D profilometer. The thickness of the coatings was determined through the analysis of the microstructure images, while the adhesion of the coatings was characterized using the scratch test method. The results indicate that the surface roughness of the coatings sprayed on the two different substrates gradually decreases as gas temperature and gas pressure increase. Additionally, the thickness and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the two different substrates both increase with an increase in gas temperature and gas pressure. Comparing the surface roughness, thickness, and adhesion of the coatings deposited on the two different substrates, the surface roughness and adhesion of the coatings on the soft substrate are greater than those of the coatings on the hard substrate, while the thickness of the coatings is not obviously affected by the hardness of the substrate. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the surface roughness, thickness, and adhesion of the copper-coated graphite and copper composite coatings sprayed on the two different substrates exhibit a distinct linear relationship with particle velocity.
Superconducting Bi1.68Pb0.32Sr1.75Ca1.85Cu2.85O10+y (Bi-2223) powders were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction using hand grinding and wet ball milling. The effects of the ball milling and sintering times on the phase evolution were examined by X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Single-phase Bi-2223 powders with a superconducting transition temperature of about 108 K were optimally prepared by wet ball milling for 20 h and sintering at 867 °C for 80 h. Finding these optimal preparation conditions were crucial for mass producing high-quality single-phase Bi-2223 precursor powders with a much lower cost of energy. Furthermore, we found that ball milling led to thinner grains than hand grinding.
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