The weighted K-nearest neighbor algorithm (WKNN) is easily implemented, and it has been widely applied. In the large-scale positioning regions, using all fingerprint data in matching calculations would lead to high computation expenses, which is not conducive to real-time positioning. Due to signal instability, irrelevant fingerprints reduce the positioning accuracy when performing the matching calculation process. Therefore, selecting the appropriate fingerprint data from the database more quickly and accurately is an urgent problem for improving WKNN. This paper proposes an improved Bluetooth indoor positioning method using a dynamic fingerprint window (DFW-WKNN). The dynamic fingerprint window is a space range for local fingerprint data searching instead of universal searching, and it can be dynamically adjusted according to the indoor pedestrian movement and always covers the maximum possible range of the next positioning. This method was tested and evaluated in two typical scenarios, comparing two existing algorithms, the traditional WKNN and the improved WKNN based on local clustering (LC-WKNN). The experimental results show that the proposed DFW-WKNN algorithm enormously improved both the positioning accuracy and positioning efficiency, significantly, when the fingerprint data increased.
Fieldwork is an important aspect of geography learning in higher educational institutions. Under the support of mobile technologies, the process and method of fieldwork in geography education have significantly been changed. However, the in-depth combination of Location-Based Services (LBSs) and geography fieldwork is still in the initial exploration stage. This paper designed and implemented a professional geography fieldwork platform based on Lushan, a famous geography fieldwork education station in Jiangxi, China. The platform includes the student-side mobile application, teacher-side mobile application, and a web back-end management system. Three specific technologically-enhanced applied modes were put forward based on the platform, which contains teacher-centered, semi-supervised, and student-independent modes. Students’ views on the three applied modes and usage in the fieldwork platform were collected through a questionnaire. The result shows that the LBS fieldwork platform has significant support for geography fieldwork. It meets the needs of students and reduces the burden for teachers. The teacher-centered is the most popular mode for students. Due to the unguaranteed fieldwork safety, inconvenient dynamic adjustment, and the habit of relying on the teacher’s explanation, the student-independent mode based on the LBS platform has apparent limitations. Nevertheless, students can recognize its potential in improving their practical, cooperative, and autonomous abilities. They are willing to try independent fieldwork supported by the platform in several days.
ABSTRACT:As an important part of the scenic area infrastructure services, signage guiding system plays an indispensable role in guiding the way and improving the quality of tourism experience. This paper proposes an optimal method in signage location selection and direction content design in a scenic area based on geographic analysis. The object of the research is to provide a best solution to arrange limited guiding boards in a tourism area to show ways arriving at any scenic spot from any entrance. There are four steps to achieve the research object. First, the spatial distribution of the junction of the scenic road, the passageway and the scenic spots is analyzed. Then, the count of scenic roads intersection on the shortest path between all entrances and all scenic spots is calculated. Next, combing with the grade of the scenic road and scenic spots, the importance of each road intersection is estimated quantitatively. Finally, according to the importance of all road intersections, the most suitable layout locations of signage guiding boards can be provided. In addition, the method is applied in the Ming Tomb scenic area in China and the result is compared with the existing signage guiding space layout. INTRODUCATIONThe scenic signage guiding system is refer to the space and information environment, through different carriers, to comprehensive solution to the information transmission, identification, image transfer and other difficulties to help foreign tourists to obtain the required information system in the fastest time. As the important part of the tourism infrastructure, the scenic signage guiding system help tourists get the correct spatial direction and nearby environment information, ensure the activities of tourists in normally order. There are many problems in the scenic signage guiding system about the location and direction content in many scenic areas in china which is one of the countries in the world in which the tourism industry grows very fast currently. There is no unified planning of the layout of the scenic signage in order to cause that the space layout of the signage is not reasonable to waste of resources and so on. In the process of design the scenic signage, just from the angle of scenic management, without systematic theoretical guidance, and ignore the tourists' travel behaviour which can impact the tourists' travel experiences.Planning and design of the scenic signage guiding system should be Meet the needs of the tourists walking rules and resource saving. The direction content, location and number of the signage need be fully optimized in scenic area. Tilden (1957) has pointed out that the number of the signage does not require too many very early, which not only caused visual fatigue for tourists, but also increase the cost of construction of scenic area. Good (1999) thought the insufficient number of signage could not play the role of guiding effect, and may lead to that the interruption of information, way finding difficulties and lost in tourists. Therefore, the study of the ...
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