Background: Youth who reenter communities after forensic or residential care are overrepresented in prevalence rates for mental disorders, delinquency, incarceration, low academic achievement, and unemployment. Supportive interventions that aid youth in the reentry to their communities can be crucial for successful reintegration. In systematic reviews (SR) on this topic, only specific interventions or programs are described. Therefore, a summary of evidence about transitional interventions for various groups of reentry youth is needed. Method: This overview of SRs was preregistered in PROSPERO. We searched PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Campbell Library, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Social Care Online, and Epistemonikos. SRs that fit the search criteria were evaluated using the AMSTAR checklist for methodological quality and the GRADE tool for assessing confidence in effect estimates. Results: We screened 2,349 publications for eligibility. Eight SRs were included for analysis. The methodological quality of five SRs was critically low, two were of low quality, and one was of moderate quality. Recidivism was reported as the only outcome in five SRs. Detrimental outcomes were reported in five SRs. Confidence in effect estimates was low or very low for all outcomes. Ninety-five percent of primary study populations were from the United States. Conclusion: We offer a rigorous appraisal of SRs on transitional interventions. The gaps of knowledge are vast regarding what works, how it works, and for whom. Development of a knowledge base should include defining the term 'recidivism', systematic reporting of demographics, and identifying effective common elements. Key Practitioner Message• The SR literature on transitional interventions for reentry youth provides inconclusive and contradictory evidence about their efficacy.• 95% of primary studies report on US populations. There is a need for SRs on study samples from diverse cultural and geographical contexts.• 95% of primary studies were published before 2010. The field is ripe for updated, rigorous studies on transitional interventions.• Disparate operationalizations of the primary outcome 'recidivism' impede comparison between SRs and primary studies.
Social network analysis is a preferred approach to examine the impact of social processes and mechanisms on team performance, but it can be challenging to measure these dynamics in applied settings. Our aim was to test whether the understanding of the task at hand was more accurate and more shared for teams with more evenly distributed interaction patterns. We pre-registered a novel approach for measuring social networks from sparse reporting of ranked interactions. Our sample was eleven emergency management teams that performed a scenario training exercise, where we asked factual questions about the ongoing task during performance, and retrospective questions about who were the most important communication and collaboration partners. We quantified shared mental models as the extent to which a team member showed the same understanding as the rest of their team, and quantified situation awareness as the extent to which team members showed the same knowledge as their team leader. We calculated which team members where most central to the network, and which networks had more evenly distributed networks. Our findings support the pre-registered hypotheses that more interconnected teams are associated with more accurate and more shared mental models, while the individual’s position in the network was not associated with MM.
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