Learning environment in any medical school is an important factor to determine the quality and success of curriculum. Students’ experience about their learning environment in medical education is related to their achievement, satisfaction, and success. It is important to get reguler feedback from the students on how they experience their learning environment as basis of strategic planning for futher improvement. This study was aimed to assess the educational environment of Sam Ratulangi University (Unsrat) undergraduate medical program based on the students’ perspection and also to identify the difference in perception between genders. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted in October 2016 among undergraduate students of academic year 2016/2017. Data about the learning environment were obtained by using questionnaire of Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) and further analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test to identify the significance between genders. The total DREEM score indicated more positive than negative perception with rooms of improvement (127/200). The scores for all the five subscales of DREEM indicated a more positive perception. The overall mean DREEM score of the females (128,16) was higher compared to males (126,13) but not statistically significant. Conclusion: The medical students of Sam Ratulangi University showed a positive perception about their undergraduate educational environment. Continuous quality improvement and innovation are essentially needed.Keywords: educational environment, medical education, DREEM Abstrak: Lingkungan pembelajaran merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam menentukan kualitas dan keberhasilan kurikulum pendidikan kedokteran. Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran terbukti memengaruhi prestasi, kepuasan dan kesuksesan mahasiswa. Penting untuk mendapatkan umpan balik berkala dari mahasiswa tentang yang mereka rasakan terkait lingkungan pembelajaran sebagai dasar strategi perencanaan untuk peningkatan di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai lingkungan pembelajaran melalui persepsi mahasiswa dan mengidentifikasi perbedaan jenis kelamin di Fakultas kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Unsrat) Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2016 terhadap mahasiswa TA 2016/2017. Data persepsi terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran didapat dari kuesioner Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan antara jenis kelamin. Hasil nilai total DREEM menunjukkan lingkungan yang lebih positif daripada negatif dengan ruang untuk perbaikan (127/200). Nilai skor dari kelima subskala DREEM mengindikasikan persepsi yang lebih positif. Nilai total rerata DREEM mahasiswa perempuan (128,16) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laki-laki (126,13) namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara persepsi terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Simpulan: Mahasiswa kedokteran Unsrat memiliki persepsi positif terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran. Peningkatan kualitas secara berkala dan inovasi merupakan hal yang esensial dalam pendidikaan kedokteran.Kata kunci: lingkungan pembelajaran, pendidikan kedokteran, DREEM
Microplastics are synthetic polymers that are unable to be completely degraded and will stay as an environmental contaminant for a long period of time. Due to their microscopic size, microplastics are able to enter the human body, either directly or indirectly via the food chain, where both processes will induce pathological changes in-vivo. So far, clinically, there has been no direct evidence yet about any microplastic-related disease in humans. However, since Indonesia is a maritime country and has been producing microplastics on a large scale, it is critical for our healthcare personnel to have the knowledge about microplastic toxicokinetics and the possible pathological responses elicited by humans when exposed to microplastics. This review article aims to discuss the definition, genesis, accumulation process, toxicokinetics, and pathological responses due to microplastic exposure, emphasizing the biomolecular aspects and implying the possible effects on public health. An internet search in Google Scholar and Pubmed was performed using keywords "microplastics" and "health", as well as their Indonesian language counterparts. Full-text English or Indonesian text from the year 2018 to 2020 were gathered and used as the primary references for this literature review. Microplastics are a novel emerging contaminant that is currently accumulating in the earth's biomass with the potency to induce pathological changes in the human body. Health practitioners are expected to have knowledge about the harm of microplastic to humans. Eventually, follow-up acts should be taken to prevent and manage the microplastic-related pathologies as discussed further in this review.
Disease with productive cough symptomp is contagious, therefore, it is commonly found in the society, varies from mild to severe stages. Cases of productive cough, that is a respiratory tract infection, is one of the 10 most common diseases at Bahu Health Center. Identification of bacteria can be performed with Gram staining, so it will lead to make better and more precise treatment. This study was aimed to identify the bacteria in the sputum of productive cough patients at Bahu Health Center by using Gram staining method. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that Streptococcus bacteria were the most common (50%) compared to Diplococcus bacteria (15%). Conclusion: In the sputum of patients with productive cough, the most common type of bacteria was Streptococcus.Keywords: bacteria, productive cough, respiratory tract infection Abstrak: Penyakit dengan gejala batuk berdahak bersifat menular sehingga sering dijumpai di masyarakat dari manifestasi ringan sampai berat. Kasus yang berhubungan dengan batuk berdahak seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan merupakan salah satu dari 10 penyakit utama di Puskesmas Bahu. Dengan metode pewarnaan Gram, hasil identifikasi dapat membuat penatalaksanaan menjadi lebih cepat dan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan ntuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan Gram pada sputum pasien yang memiliki keluhan batuk di Puskesmas Bahu Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bakteri dengan morfologi Streptococcus yang terbanyak (50%) dibandingkan bakteri dengan morfologi Diplococcus (15%). Simpulan: Pada sputum pasien batuk berdahak yang terbanyak ditemukan ialah bakteri Streptcoccous.Kata kunci: bakteri, batuk berdahak, infeksi saluran napas
Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of a gene or nucleic acid into a patient’s cells to cure or alleviate the symptoms of a disease that was caused by genetic malfunction, either gain- of loss-of function. Throughout the years, gene therapy has been faced with fluctuations of development before reaching its current stage. In the early stage, gene therapy was concerned to possess several problems such as toxicity, mutagenesis, and adverse immune responses which would harm the patients, instead of benefiting them. Fortunately, gene therapy has currently reached the phase where its administration can be performed in a safe, controllable manner with a good tolerability and excellent therapeutic effect. This review will recite the development of gene therapy research, highlight the vector-related safety issues, and discuss the latest updates in recent clinical trials with promising results in correcting gene defects in the cell, reducing the symptoms of the disease, as well as improving the patient’s quality of life.
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