Mikroplastik sebagai Kontaminan Anyar dan Efek Toksiknya terhadap Kesehatan

Abstract

Microplastics are synthetic polymers that are unable to be completely degraded and will stay as an environmental contaminant for a long period of time. Due to their microscopic size, microplastics are able to enter the human body, either directly or indirectly via the food chain, where both processes will induce pathological changes in-vivo. So far, clinically, there has been no direct evidence yet about any microplastic-related disease in humans. However, since Indonesia is a maritime country and has been producing microplastics on a large scale, it is critical for our healthcare personnel to have the knowledge about microplastic toxicokinetics and the possible pathological responses elicited by humans when exposed to microplastics. This review article aims to discuss the definition, genesis, accumulation process, toxicokinetics, and pathological responses due to microplastic exposure, emphasizing the biomolecular aspects and implying the possible effects on public health. An internet search in Google Scholar and Pubmed was performed using keywords "microplastics" and "health", as well as their Indonesian language counterparts. Full-text English or Indonesian text from the year 2018 to 2020 were gathered and used as the primary references for this literature review. Microplastics are a novel emerging contaminant that is currently accumulating in the earth's biomass with the potency to induce pathological changes in the human body. Health practitioners are expected to have knowledge about the harm of microplastic to humans. Eventually, follow-up acts should be taken to prevent and manage the microplastic-related pathologies as discussed further in this review.

Abundance Analysis of Microplastics and Community Consumption In Batik Mussels (Paphia undulate) in Water Regions (Study in Banyuurip Village, Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency)

“…Most responses of the body contaminated with microplastics at the cellular level can be oxidative stress, metabolic shifts, and activation of inflammation at the systemic level. In the long term, it can cause inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and oxidative stress, which can later manifest as clinical disorders of chronic toxicity [27]. Another impact of microplastics on human health is that they can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and endocrine disruptors because plastics contain monomeric materials derived from various other additives.…”

ANALISIS KEBERADAAN MIKROPLASTIK PADA KEONG BAKAU (Telescopium telescopium), AIR DAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN BANGKALAN

“…Menurut Ayuningtyas et al, (2019), partikel plastik berdasarkan ukurannya dapat dibagi menjadi 3 kategori yang terdiri dari makroplastik yang berukuran lebih dari 2,5 cm, mesoplastik berukuran 5 mm sampai 2,5 cm dan mikroplastik berukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Mikroplastik di laut biasanya berupa serat (fiber), pecahan (fragmen), lembaran (film) dan bulatan (beads) (Supit et al, 2022). Pencemaran laut yang diakibatkan oleh mikroplastik dapat berawal dari penggunaan plastik sekali pakai yang dibuang ke pesisir pantai oleh masyarakat setempat, sehingga terjadi penumpukan sampah karena pengolahan sampah yang kurang maksimal.…”

“…Jurnal Perikanan, 13 (1), 106-114 (2023) Andriansyah, et al, (2023 http://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v13i1.440…”

Systematic Review: Efek Nanoplastik terhadap Metilasi DNA pada Manusia

“…Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic review. Menurut Systematic review adalah suatu metode penelitian untuk melakukan identifikasi, evaluasi dan interpretasi terhadap semua hasil penelitian yang relevan terkait pertanyaan penelitian tertentu, topik tertentu, atau fenomena yang menjadi perhatian (Siswanto, 2010). Systematic review ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses).…”