A century ago, Taylor published a landmark in the organisational sciences: his Principles of Scientific Management. Many researchers have elaborated on Taylor's principles, or have been influenced otherwise. The authors of the current paper evaluate a century of enterprise development, and conclude that a paradigm shift is needed for dealing adequately with the challenges that modern enterprises face. Three generic goals are identified. The first one, intellectual manageability, is the basis for mastering complexity; current approaches fall short in assisting professionals to master the complexity of enterprises and enterprise changes. The second goal, organisational concinnity, is conditional for making strategic initiatives operational; current approaches do not, or inadequately, address this objective. The third goal, social devotion, is the basis for achieving employee empowerment as well as knowledgeable management and governance; modern employees are highly educated knowledge workers; yet, the mindset of managers has not evolved accordingly. The emerging discipline of Enterprise Engineering, as conceived by the authors, is considered to be a suitable vehicle for achieving these goals. It does so by providing new, powerful theories and effective methodologies. A theoretical framework is presented for positioning the theories, goals, and fundamentals of enterprise engineering in four classes: philosophical, ontological, ideological and technological.
standards arose as ad hoc standards for the definition of service interfaces and service registries. However, even together these standards do not provide enough basis for a service consumer to get a full understanding of the behavior of a service. In practice, this often leads to a serious mismatch between the provider's intent and the consumer's expectations concerning the functionality of the corresponding service. Though additional standards have been proposed, a holistic view of what aspects of a service need to be specified is still lacking. This paper proposes a service definition, a service classification, and service specification framework, all based on a founded theory, the É-theory. The É-theory originates from the scientific fields of Language Philosophy and Systemic Ontology. According to this theory, the operation of organizations is all about communication between and production by social actors. The service specification framework can be applied both for specifying human services, i.e., services executed by human beings, and IT services (i.e., services executed by IT systems).
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