Objectives• To test the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum prostate-specific antigen isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA), %p2PSA and the prostate health index (PHI), in men with a family history of prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing prostate biopsy for suspected PCa.• To evaluate the potential reduction in unnecessary biopsies and the characteristics of potentially missed cases of PCa that would result from using serum p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI.
Patients and Methods• The analysis consisted of a nested case-control study from the PRO-PSA Multicentric European Study, the PROMEtheuS project.• All patients had a first-degree relative (father, brother, son) with PCa.• Multivariable logistic regression models were complemented by predictive accuracy analysis and decision-curve analysis. Gleason score (r: 0.247, P = 0.038; r: 0.366, P = 0.002; r: 0.464, P < 0.001, respectively).
Results
• Of the 1026 patients included in the PROMEtheuS
Conclusions• %p2PSA and PHI are more accurate than tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA in predicting PCa in men with a family history of PCa.• Consideration of %p2PSA and PHI results in the avoidance of several unnecessary biopsies. • p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI correlate with cancer aggressiveness.
The distribution of primaquine was measured in seven rat tissues at 15–180 min after the intraperitoneal injection of the antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline. The half-life of unmetabolized primaquine was 4.0 h in lung, 1.7–1.9 h in blood, spleen, kidney and heart, and 1.2 h in liver. At each interval, the concentrations of unmetabolized primaquine were (in order): lung > liver, kidney, spleen > heart > brain ≧ blood. At 3 h after the injection of [6-O-methyl-3H]primaquine, unmetabolized primaquine constituted 10% of the total 3H in blood and 40–60% of the total 3H in liver, brain, heart and kidney.
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