Coffee pulp which is a by-product of coffee production contains considerable amounts of phenolic compounds that can be valorised to produce cascara as an antioxidant beverage. The fermentation and drying conditions of the coffee pulp have a great influence on the bioactive compounds in the cascara. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural fermentation with simultaneous aeration on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cascara. A systematic study was carried out using a response surface methodology with a face-centered central composite design to determine the effect of fermentation time (0–8 h) and temperature (27–37 °C) on the number of bacteria in the coffee pulp after natural fermentation with simultaneous aeration (an air flowrate of 4 m/s) as well as phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cascara. The experimental dataset was modelled with an empirical model using multi-variable non-linear regression. A good agreement between model and experimental data was obtained. At the optimum conditions (4.2 h, 31.8 °C), the phenolic content was 6.72% whereas the antioxidant activity was 27.6%. Indigenous lactic acid bacteria were also isolated from the coffee pulp and determined as Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides . The isolated bacteria can be used as a starter for controlled fermentation of coffee pulp as it increased the antioxidant activity up to 15% higher than the antioxidant activity of cascara obtained at the optimum conditions for natural fermentation with simultaneous aeration and 30% higher from the fresh coffee pulp.
Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan penambahan dedak yang optimal bagi remediasi limbah kulit kopi oleh jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) untuk menghasilkan sumber pakan ruminansia. Media kulit kopi diberi penambahan dedak dengan variasi persentase 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75% dari total keseluruhan berat kering substrat. Media ditambahkan Ca(OH)2 sebanyak 1-2 gram dan air sebanyak 130 ml untuk mencapai pH media sebesar 6-7 dan kelembapan 55%-60%. Media dimasukkan ke dalam botol kultur dan disterilisasi dengan autoklaf pada suhu 121°C dan tekanan 1,5 atm. Bibit jamur tiram pada media jagung sebanyak 10 gram dikultivasi pada setiap variasi substrat. Kondisi inkubasi diatur pada suhu 23°C-25°C dalam keadaan gelap. Panjang miselium jamur tiram diukur setiap 5 hari. Kadar kafein, tanin, protein, lemak, dan abu diukur setiap 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media campuran kulit kopi dan dedak dengan persentase 25% kulit kopi dan 75% dedak dapat mengoptimalkan degradasi senyawa beracun pada kulit kopi dan meningkatkan kandungan protein miselium jamur. Kultivasi jamur tiram putih pada kombinasi media tersebut dapat mengurangi kadar kafein sebesar 7,3% dan tanin sebesar 79%, serta meningkatkan kadar protein sebesar 8%. Pemanfaatan kombinasi limbah ini dapat mengurangi polutan dan menghasilkan produk sumber pakan ruminansia yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia.
<p>Nilai pendidikan, bukan hanya didapat dari sekolah saja, melainkan juga dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, komik dan sebagainya. Komik dapat menjadi salah satu sumber untuk memperoleh pendidikan. Memasuki era digital, penggunaan teknologi digital telah menjadi makanan sehari-hari. Termasuk dalam hal komik digital, banyak aplikasi-aplikasi yang menyajikan berbagai genre komik, tak terkecuali pada aplikasi <em>Webtoon</em> yang menyajikan banyak sekali genre komik yang kaya akan nilai-nilai pendidikan. Adapun tujuan dari jurnal ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung dalam serial komik digital “Pupus Putus Sekolah” Karya Kurnia Harta Winata. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah komik <em>webtoon </em>“Pupus Putus Sekolah” karya Kurnia Harta Winata. Data berupa kalimat dan dialog yang menggambarkan nilai-nilai pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) membaca secara keseluruhan teks cerita komik “Pupus Putus Sekolah” karya Kurnia Harta Winata, 2) mengidentifikasi data yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai pendidikan dan 3) mencatat data yang telah diperoleh. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) mengklasifikasi data, 2) menganalisis data, 3) menginterpretasikan data dan 4) menarik kesimpulan. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan dalam serial komik digital “Pupus Putus Sekolah” Karya Kurnia Harta Winata adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Nilai pendidikan Agama, 2) Nilai pendidikan sosial yaitu berupa saling memaafkan dan menghargai orang lain, 3) Nilai pendidikan karakter yaitu berupa keberanian sebagai bentuk kejujuran dan pantang menyerah dan 4) Nilai pendidikan moral</p>
This experiment was done to evaluate isolated bacteria in the production of biosurfactant and biodegradation of diesel-fuel. Diesel-fuel degrading bacteria were isolated from Kalimas Estuary, Surabaya using three-stage enrichment culture in Bushnell Haas Mineral Salts medium with 1% diesel fuel. Purified isolates were subjected to both oil-displacement and E24-emulsification tests to assess the high activity of produced biosurfactant. Selected isolates were next used in biodegradation analysis of diesel-fuel using a gravimetric total petroleum hydrocarbon test. The potential isolates were identified based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Twenty-eight purified isolates were obtained from the water samples and confirmed as gram-negative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Among them, isolate K8 demonstrated the widest diameter on diesel-fuel displacement test by 3.5 cm of oil-free zone. It was also superior in emulsifying diesel-fuel with 9.4% of E24 index. Isolate K8 was capable of degrading 57% of 1 mL of diesel fuel within 14-day incubation. The isolate was potential in both producing biosurfactant and degrading diesel fuel. Isolate K8 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 99.74% sequence similarity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.