AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi alkali dan mengkudu terhadap produk sabun yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan ekstrak mengkudu dengan proses maserasi menggunakan etanol. Kemudian dilakukan pembuatan sabun padat transparan pada proses saponifikasi dengan variabel tetap volume minyak 70 ml, suhu reaksi 80 o C dan waktu pengadukan 60 menit. Sedangkan untuk variabel bebasnya konsentrasi larutan alkali 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, jumlah mengkudu 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g. Respon yang diamati adalah kadar air, Keasaman (pH), bilangan penyabunan, alkali bebas, asam lemak bebas, stabilitas busa, tegangan permukaan dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil yang terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi alkali 26% dan jumlah ekstrak mengkudu 30 g dengan kadar air 24,10%, kadar alkali bebas 0%, pH 9,0, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,48%, bilangan penyabunan 200 mg/g, tegangan permukaan 29,70 dyne/cm, stabilitas busa 63% dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 153,850 µg/µL. Kata kunci: antioksidan, mengkudu, sabun transparan, saponifikasi, tegangan permukaan AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of alkali concentration and the amount of added morinda citrifolia toward the formed of soap product. This study begins with maserating the noni fruit with ethanol. Then the making of transparent solid soap was made in the saponification process with a fixed variable oil volume of 70 ml, reaction temperature of 80 ° C and stirring time of 60 minutes. Whereas for the independent variables alkaline solution concentrations were 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, the amount of noni extract 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g. The responses observed were water content, acidity (pH), saponification number, free alkali, free fatty acid, foam stability, surface tension and antioxidant activity. The best results were obtained at 26% alkaline concentration and 30 g of noni extract with a moisture content of 24,10%, 0% free alkali content, pH 9,0, free fatty acid content 0,480%, saponification 200 mg / g, surface tension 29,70 dyne / cm, foam stability 81% and antioxidant activity of 153,85 0µg / µL.
AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh waktu reaksi dan suhu reaksi terhadap produk sabun yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengeringkan kulit buah kapuk dan dilakukan pembakaran untuk memperoleh abu kulit buah kapuk. Pembakaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan muffle furnace pada suhu 500 o C selama 3 jam. Kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi pada abu dengan menggunakan aquadest dengan perbandingan 1 : 3 untuk memperoleh alkali. Alkali ini direaksikan dengan minyak goreng kelapa sawit pada proses saponifikasi dengan variabel tetap volume minyak 30 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 250 rpm dan volume minyak : volume alkali 1 : 2 (ml). Sedangkan untuk variabel bebasnya suhu reaksi 60 o C, 70 o C, 80 o C, waktu pengadukan 60 menit, 90 menit, 120 menit. Respon yang diamati adalah densitas, Keasaman (pH), bilangan penyabunan dan alkali bebas. Hasil yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 80 o C dan waktu pengadukan 120 menit dengan densitas 1,34 gr/ml, pH 9,1, bilangan penyabunan 200,349 dan kadar alkali bebasnya 0,07 %.Kata kunci: kulit buah kapuk, pembakaran, abu, saponifikasi, sabun AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reaction time and temperature toward the formed of soap product. This study begins by drying the skin of cotton and burning to gain the ash of cotton fruit skin. The combustion is done by using muffle furnace at 500 o C for 3 hours. Then, extraction is done on ash by using aquadest with a ration 1:3 to obtain alkali. This alkali will be used with cooking oil from palm in saponification process with fixed volume variable oil of 30 ml, velocity of stirring is 250 rpm, and oil volume : alkali volume 1:2 (ml). Whereas for the free variable are reaction temperature at 60 o C, 70 o C, 80 o C, stirring time at 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The observed responses are density, acidity (pH), saponification number and free alkali. The best results were obtained at 80 °C and stirring time of 120 minutes with a density of 1.34 gr / ml, pH 9.1, saponification number of 200.349 and a 0.07% free alkali content.
Soap is the product of saponification of fats with a base, which is used as a body cleanser, in the form of solid, foamy, with or addition of other ingredients and do not cause skin irritation. Clay (kaolin) is used as an active ingredient in cosmetics because of the high level of adsorption of substances such as oil, toxins, and others. The use of clay also been considered as a potential tanning agent in halal industrial applications. This study aimed to search for the effect of temperature reaction and addition of kaolin to the solid soap produced. The saponification reactions was carried out for 10 minutes in a reaction flask at a temperature that varied from 50ºC - 80ºC. The beginning stage was to heat the coconut oil to the reaction temperature and then mixed it with kaolin (10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20% wt.), followed by adding 35% NaOH. The reaction mixture was stirred at 250 rpm. The results of this study showed that all soap products met the Indonesia standard SNI.
Effects of 2 types of epoxidised natural rubbers (ENR 25, ENR 50), with twenty-five and fifty moles of epoxidation, on crosslinking density and cure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) composites, which were filled by kaolin filler, were investigated using a semi efficient vulcanisation system. The ENRs were added separately into composites at 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 parts per hundred rubber. An observation was conducted to investigate the effects of the ENRs on curing and crosslinking density of the kaolin-filled NR composites. Results revealed that both ENR 25 and ENR 50 functioned as curatives and compatibilizers. They decreased both cure and scorch times and minimum torque but increased difference of torque and crosslinking density. The higher ENRs loadings; the lower were the cure time and scorch time, the higher were the torque difference and crosslinking density. At a similar addition, ENR 50 exhibited a more pronounced curative and compatibilization effects than ENR 25.
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