Corn (Zea mays L.) is highly adaptable, but it has difficulties in expressing its productive potential in soils with high aluminum content, since this element is directly related to high acidity in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen compounds, proteins and amino acids of two corn cultivars subjected to increasing doses of aluminum. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using one of the corn plants from varieties BRS 106 and BRS 4157. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a factorial design of 5x2, and the factors were composed of five doses of Al 3+ (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mmol L-1), with five repetitions. The variables analyzed were the concentration of nitrate, the activity of the nitrate reductase, concentration of ammonium, amino acids and proteins. There was a decrease in nitrate, activity of the Reductase enzyme of the Nitrate and protein in the highest dose of aluminum (200 mmol L-1) for both cultivars. There was an increase in ammonium and amino acids in the leaves of cultivars BRS 106 and BRS 4157. Cultivars BRS 106 and BRS 4157 were affected by the increasing doses of aluminum, but cultivar BRS 106 showed to be more tolerant.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of application of nitrogen sources and doses in the biochemical response of seedlings of Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima. The seedlings were grown in pots containing 3 dm 3 of soil. Nitrogen sources such as urea [(NH₂)₂CO], ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ), ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] and calcium nitrate [Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ] were tested in five doses of 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg dm -³. They were applied as a solution in four portions, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after transplanting. The experimental unit consisted of a vase and a randomized block design (RBD) in factorial scheme (4 × 5), corresponding to 4 sources and 5 doses, with four replications, totally 80 vessels. The biochemical analyzes were performed at the end of the experiment and nitrate levels, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, total soluble proteins, carbohydrates, sucrose and chlorophylls were determined. There was a reduction in the concentration of protein in leaf and root, with the application of ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate. The conversion of nitrate into the root in amino acids shown to be dependent to the oxidation of carbohydrates, causing the reduction of the concentration of this solute increases with the supply NO 3 -. The results showed that for production of Tachigali vulgaris seedlings the dose of 150 mg dm -3 of N, applied in a piecemeal manner, at 25, 50, 75 and 100 days of transplanting with the ammonium nitrate fertilizer can be recommended.
species, colonizer of marginal lands and road margins, which often initiates secondary succession in open areas by the intense germination of their seeds in the soil. Studies on fastgrowing Amazon forest species are very scarce, when it refers to the influence of abiotic factors on an ecophysiology of the species. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belong to laboratory of Estudos da Biodiversidade de Plantas Superiores of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. The experiment was completely randomized in split plot scheme, two times: five and ten days of water suspension, and two water conditions: control and water deficit, with four replications with one plant /pot. The water deficiency condition for ten days negatively affected the growth and indicators of gas exchange (A, gs and E). Adding to the fact that the experiment occurred in a year of extreme climatic anomaly (El Niño), the plants did not resist and perished in the internal conditions of greenhouse. The water deficiency condition altered the growth parameters and the environmental relations of the Tachigali vulgaris species, thus evidencing its low physiological plasticity to this abiotic condition.
The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in three water conditions at greenhouse with treatments as: control, water stress (water deficiency) and flooding (with a blade of water about 5 cm above the ground), and 15 repetitions. The analysis of variance was done and the 5% level of significance of the Tukey's test accomplished to assess the biochemical and physiological parameters of Hymenaea courbaril L. The variables were: water potential, nitrate reductase activity, concentration of nitrate, ammonium free, proline, glycine betaine, free protein, free amino acids, glutamine synthetase activity, alcohol dehydrogenase activity and lactate dehydrogenase and contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total carotene. There was a reduction of the enzyme reductase activity of nitrate and glutamine synthetase due to the water deficit and flooding. Moreover, the lack of water in leaf tissue caused an increase in proline, glycine betaine and free amino acids, trying to promote osmotic adjustment. An increase of variation and reduced ammonium, protein, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid was also observed. These substances were significantly reduced by the lack of water and also excess water. Thus, the water deficit and flooding promoted a drastic change in behavior and physiological biochemistry of Jatoba plants. The results of this study show that the flooding and water deficiency for 30 days are sufficient to promote changes in biochemical behavior in the Jatobá plants. Thus, these results indicate that the Hymenaea courbaril L. plants are less susceptible to flooding than to the water deficiency.
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