Background: Hypertension remains highly prevalent in postmenopausal women, along with vascular dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. In such context, regular exercises, yoga practice, and slow breathing have been recommended to treat hypertension. However, the effects of the multiple components of yoga, including the respiratory techniques involved in the practice, on hypertension and on vascular and endothelial function have never been evaluated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the additional effects of respiratory technique on vascular function and oxidative stress profile in hypertensive postmenopausal women (HPMWs) following yoga or stretching video classes. Study Design: Hypertensive postmenopausal women were recruited and randomized for 12 weeks, twice a week, of supervised yoga or stretching video classes of 75 min for 12 weeks associated or not with respiratory technique. Baseline and post-intervention measurements included pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oxidative stress parameters. Hypertensive postmenopausal women (59 ± 0.7 years) who ended the protocol were distributed into three groups: (1) control group (yoga or stretching, C, n = 14); (2) yoga + respiratory technique (Y+, n = 10); (3) stretching + respiratory technique (S+, n = 9). Results: Diastolic blood pressure and FMD [baseline: C: 6.94 ± 1.97%, Y+: 7.05 ± 1.65%, and S+: 3.54 ± 2.01% vs. post: C: 16.59 ± 3.46% ( p = 0.006), Y+: 13.72 ± 2.81% ( p = 0.005), and S+: 11.79 ± 0.99% ( p = 0.0001)] have significantly increased in all groups when baseline and post-practice values were compared. However, resting heart rate and PWV [baseline: Y+: 10.44 ± 3.69 and S+: 9.50 ± 0.53 m/s vs. post: Y+: 9.45 ± 0.39 ( p = 0.003) and S+: 8.02 ± 0.47 m/s ( p = 0.003)] decreased significantly only in the Y+ and S+ groups (baseline vs. post). Systemic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) increased in all groups, and hydrogen peroxide and lipoperoxidation reduced in Y+ and S+ (baseline vs. post). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of yoga or stretching video classes promoted positive changes in several outcomes generally regarded as cardiovascular risk factors in HPMWs, and these changes were even more pronounced by the association with respiratory technique.
Objective: To evaluate knowledge about the technique of blood pressure measurement among nursing professionals in a health care institution. To identify the relationship between professional qualification and the proper development of technique. Methods: The researcher applied a questionnaire to nursing professionals during the verification of arterial pressure of patients. These questions related to the Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension V. Results: Of the nursing professionals, technicians and assistants, 8.41% attained the cutoff point stipulated as adequate correct answers (80%). There was a direct relationship between professional qualification and the number of correct answers. Conclusion: Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension V were not followed in their entirety by nursing professionals. A wide dissemination of guidelines, the implementation of training programs and monitoring of the technique should be encouraged. Keywords: Guidelines; Blood Pressure; Nursing resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a técnica da verificação da pressão arterial nos profissionais de enfermagem em uma instituição de saúde. Identificar a relação entre a qualificação profissional e o desenvolvimento correto da técnica. Métodos: O pesquisador aplicou um questionário aos profissionais de enfermagem durante a verificação da pressão arterial dos pacientes, questões estas relativas às V Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial. Resultados: Dos profissionais de enfermagem, técnicos e auxiliares, 8,41 %, atingiram o ponto de corte estipulado como adequado de acertos (80%). Houve relação direta entre a qualificação profissional e a quantidade de acertos. Conclusão: As V Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial não são seguidas em sua plenitude pelos profissionais de enfermagem. A ampla divulgação das diretrizes, a implementação de programas de capacitação e a monitoração da técnica devem ser incentivadas. Descritores: Diretrizes; Pressão Arterial; Enfermagem resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre la técnica de la verificación de la presión arterial en los profesionales de enfermería en una institución de salud. Identificar la relación entre la calificación profesional y el desarrollo correcto de la técnica. Métodos: El investigador aplicó un cuestionario a los profesionales de enfermería durante la verificación de la presión arterial de los pacientes, preguntas que fueron relativas a las V Directrices Brasileras de Hipertensión Arterial. Resultados: De los profesionales de enfermería, técnicos y auxiliares, el 8,41 %, alcanzaron el punto de corte estipulado como adecuado de aciertos (80%). Hubo relación directa entre la calificación profesional y la cantidad de aciertos. Conclusión: Las V Directrices Brasileras de Hipertensión Arterial no son seguidas en su plenitud por los profesionales de enfermería. La amplia difusión de las directrices, la implementación de programas de capacitación y el monitoramiento de la técnica deben ser incentivadas. Descriptores: Directrices; Presión Ar...
SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The use of the 3D printer in complex cardiac surgery planning. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the use and benefits of 3D printing in heart valve surgery through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: This systematic review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and registered in the Prospero (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) database under the number CRD42017059034. We used the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs. We included articles about the keywords “Heart Valves”, “Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation”, “Heart Valve Prosthesis”, “Printing, Three-Dimensional”, and related entry terms. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and a third reviewer solved disagreements. All tables used for data extraction are available at a separate website. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias of the studies included. RESULTS: We identified 301 articles and 13 case reports and case series that met the inclusion criteria. Our studies included 34 patients aged from 3 months to 94 years. CONCLUSIONS: Up to the present time, there are no studies including a considerable number of patients. A 3D-printed model produced based on the patient enables the surgeon to plan the surgical procedure and choose the best material, size, format, and thickness to be used. This planning leads to reduced surgery time, exposure, and consequently, lower risk of infection.
To examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE) or combined exercise (CE) on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), progenitor cells (PCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), oxidative stress markers and endothelial-cell derived microvesicles (EMVs) in patients with hypertension. This is a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial involving an intervention of one session of three different modalities of exercise. Thirty-three males (43 ± 2y) were randomly divided into three groups: a session of AE (n = 11, 40 min, cycle ergometer, 60% HRR); a session of RE (n = 11, 40 min, 4 × 12 lower limb repetitions, 60% 1-RM); or a session of CE (n = 11, 20-min RE + 20-min AE). FMD was assessed 10 min before and 10, 40 and 70 min post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at the same time points (except 40 min). FMD were similar in all groups and from baseline (within each group) after a single exercise bout (AE, RE or CE). At 70 min, RE group showed higher levels of PCs compared to the AE (81%) and CE group (60%). PC levels were reduced from baseline in all groups (AE: 32%, p = 0.037; RE: 15%, p = 0.003; CE: 17%, p = 0.048). The levels of EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress were unchanged. There were no acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on FMD, EPCs, EMVs and oxidative stress, but PCs decreased regardless of the exercise modality. Individuals with controlled hypertension do not seem to have impaired vascular function in response to a single exercise bout.
Background Aerobic exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness after myocardial infarction (MI), but the effects of isometric exercise on cardiovascular parameters are still uncertain. We aimed to assess the effects of one session of aerobic or isometric exercise on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in post-MI volunteers undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Twenty post-MI patients undergoing PCI were randomized to aerobic (AE, n = 10) or isometric (IE, n = 10) exercise groups. We evaluated cardiac structure and function (echocardiographic); carotid plaque presence (ultrasound). FMD and PWV were measured 10 min before and 10 min after the intervention: a single session of moderate-intensity AE (30 min; ratings 12–14 on Borg’s scale or 50–60% HRreserve) or handgrip IE (four two-minute bilateral contractions; 30% maximal voluntary contraction; 1-min rest). Generalized estimating equations (Bonferroni post-hoc) was used to assess differences (p ≤ 0.050). Results FMD improved only in the AE group (Δ = 4.9%; p = 0.034), with no difference between groups after exercise. Even after adjustment (for baseline brachial artery diameter) the effectiveness of AE remained (p = 0.025) with no change in the IE group. PWV was slightly reduced from baseline in the AE group (Δ = 0.61 m/s; p = 0.044), and no difference when compared to the IE group. Peripheral vascular resistance decreased in AE versus IE (p = 0.050) and from baseline (p = 0.014). Conclusions Vascular measurements (FMD and PWV) improved after a single session of AE. There are apparently no benefits following a session of IE. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov and ID number NCT04000893.
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