Resumo -Com o intento de selecionar progênies superiores para a efetiva concentração de alelos favoráveis em uma população de quinto ciclo de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional em famílias de irmãos-completos de milho pipoca, avaliaram-se 200 famílias quanto a seis características agronômicas, incluindo rendimento de grãos e capacidade de expansão, em delineamento aleatorizado em blocos com duas repetições dentro de 'sets' em dois ambientes distintos: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, e Estação Experimental da PESAGRO-RIO, em Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro, em 2007/2008. Houve diferenças significativas para famílias/"sets" para todas as características, indicando a presença de variabilidade genética a ser explorada nos futuros ciclos. Na seleção das progênies superiores o índice de Mulamba e Mock resultou em ganhos proporcionais mais adequados para capacidade de expansão e rendimento de grãos, com valores respectivos de 6,01 e 8,53%, na utilização de pesos econômicos arbitrários. Palavras-chave -Milho pipoca. Seleção de plantas. Melhoramento genético.Abstract -Aiming to select superior progenies for concentration of favorable alleles in a popcorn population on the fifth cycle of intrapopulation full-sib recurrent selection, two hundred progenies were evaluated for six agronomic traits, including grain yield and popping expansion, in randomized complete block design with two replications within sets, in two distinct environments: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, in Campos dos Goytacazes, and Experimental Station of PESAGRO-RIO, located in Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State, in 2007/2008. There were significant differences among families within sets in all traits, indicating the presence of genetic variability to be exploited in the future cycles. The utilized selection indexes were the Mulamba and Mock; and Smith and Hazel. The Mulamba and Mock index propitiated more elevated magnitudes of the predicted gains for most of the traits, including popping expansion and grain yield, with values of 6.01 and 8.53%, respectively, utilizing arbitrary weight attributed by tentative.

ABSTRACT. As part of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense recurrent selection program of popcorn, we evaluated full-sib families of the sixth cycle of recurrent selection and estimated genetic progress for grain yield and expansion capacity. We assessed 200 full-sib families for 10 agronomic traits, in a randomized block design, with two replications within sets in two environments: Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There were significant differences for families/"sets" for all traits, indicating genetic variability that could be exploited in future cycles. In the selection of superior progenies, the Mulamba and Mock index gave the best gains for popping expansion (PE) and grain yield (GY), with values of 10.97 and 15.30%, respectively, using random economic weights. By comparing the evolution of the means obtained for PE and GY in the cycles C 0 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and predicted for C 6 , a steady increase was observed for both PE and GY, with the addition of 1.71 mL/g (R 2 = 0.93) and 192.87 kg/ha (R 2 = 0.88), respectively, in each cycle. Given the good performance of this popcorn population in successive cycles of intrapopulation recurrent selection,

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência inicial da soqueira. O experimento foi implantado em Ribeirão Preto (SP), no ano agrícola de 2007/2008. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com 36 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas as cultivares IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, RB72454 e a IAC 86-2480 nas parcelas e os herbicidas, constituídos pela mistura pronta de diurom (1170g ha-1) + hexazinona (330 g ha-1); diurom (1865 g ha-1) + hexazinona (234 g ha-1); metribuzim; tebutiuron; amicarbazona e uma testemunha nas subparcelas. Foram avaliados os sintomas visuais de intoxicação, teor relativo de clorofila, eficiência fotoquímica máxima do fotossistema II, altura, estande, qualidade tecnológica da cana e a produção dos colmos. Concluiu-se que as cultivares IACSP94-2094, IACSP94-2101, IACSP93-3046, IACSP94-4004, RB72454 e IAC86-2480 não foram influenciadas pelos herbicidas, apenas ocorreram diferenças inerentes à própria genética. Observou-se apenas leves sintomas de intoxicação na fase inicial de desenvolvimento e não se constatou nenhum prejuízo ao conteúdo de clorofila, avaliado pelo teor relativo de clorofila. No sistema fotossintético houve pequeno prejuízo na fase inicial, quando avaliado pela eficiência fotoquímica máxima do FS II (Fv/Fm), mas que não foi suficiente para prejudicar a altura, o estande, a produção e a qualidade tecnológica das diferentes cultivares de cana-de-açúcar estudadas.

ABSTRACT. Biannuality in coffee culture causes temporal variability in plant productivity. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate genotypes during various crop years to ensure selection of productive and stable genotypes. We evaluated the effectiveness of simultaneous selection of coffee genotypes along harvests, based on productivity, stability, and adaptability, via mixed models, for indication of varieties suitable for Rio de Janeiro State. We evaluated 25 genotypes during 4 crop seasons (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012), in a randomized block design with 5 replications. The ranking of genotypes was obtained on the basis of the adaptability and temporal stability methods (harmonic average of genetic values, relative performance of genetic values, and harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values), obtained via restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased procedure analysis. The selection accuracy (0.8717), associated with the high magnitude of mean heritability, indicate good reliability and prospects for success in the indication of agronomically superior genotypes. There was little variation in the ordering of genotypes among the environments, indicating low influence of harvests in the performance of the genotypes. Five of the 25 genotypes were superior and could be recommended for planting in the northwestern region of Rio de Janeiro State, due to high predicted productivity and stability. We recommend that these methodologies for evaluation of productivity, stability, and adaptability be included in the selection criteria for recommendation of genotypes for commercial plantings.

Biomonitoring is one of the tools used to assess the mutagenic potential of the atmosphere. In this study, the mutagenicity of Tradescantia pallida, a species of plant largely present in urban environments, was investigated. The objectives of this study was to estimate the mutagenic potential of vehicular flow through the TRAD-MCN bioassay in cities located at different altitudes in the southwest mesoregion of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to infer possible abiotic agents that may contribute to the effects of atmospheric pollutants, and finally to map the cities with greater risks to the health of the local population. To achieve these objectives, the Tradescantia-micronucleus test was performed on young buds of T. pallida collected between August 2015 and August 2016 in nine cities of Mato Grosso do Sul. These buds were exposed to traffic flows of various intensities. The data collected consisted of measurements of meteorological parameters and vehicular traffic counts for each city. The variables considered were: mean ambient temperature; micronuclei frequency; vehicular flow; altitude; relative humidity; pluviosity. The application of the Trad-MCN bioassay, with the consideration of environmental variables and altitudes, and the use of the Kernel interpolation technique, allowed us to map the areas with significant pollution risks to the population. The highest frequency of exposure to mutagens occurred in the cities with the highest vehicular traffic intensity. The average ambient temperature failed to show a linear association with the frequency of the micronuclei in the samples analyzed (r = 0.11). A positive correlation was observed between micronuclei frequency and vehicular flow, (r = 0.67; p ≤ 0.001%) and between micronuclei frequency and altitude (r = 0.24; p ≤ 0.05). A negative correlation was found between relative humidity and micronuclei frequency (r = -0.19; p ≤ 0.05%). Thus, higher micronuclei frequency tended to be present in locations with low relative humidity and high altitudes and vehicular flow.

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This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in animal and plant cells exposed to water from the Água Boa stream (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) by using bioassays, and to identify the chemical compounds in the water to determine the water quality in the area. Through the cytotoxicity bioassay with Allium cepa, using micronucleus test, and comet assay, using Astyanax altiparanae fish, the results indicated that biological samples were genetically altered. Micronuclei were observed in erythrocytes of A. altiparanae after exposure to water from locations close to industrial waste discharge. The highest DNA damage observed with the comet assay in fish occurred with the exposure to water from locations where the presence of metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni) was high, indicating the possibility of genotoxic effects of these compounds. Thus, these results reinforce the importance of conducting genotoxicity tests for developing management plans to improve water quality, and indicate the need for waste management before domestic and industrial effluents are released into the rivers and streams.