Background We investigated the outcomes of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) treated by percutaneous reduction and hollow screw fixation (PRHCF) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Material/Methods Seventy-one patients were randomly allocated to group A (by PRHCF) and group B (by ORIF). Operative time, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, time from injury to operation, postoperative hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements, and complications were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores. Results Finally, 59 patients were followed up for at least 12 months (range, 12–24 months). Group A showed significantly more advantages than group B in term of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to operation, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative pain relief during the first 3 days (P<0.001). However, more intraoperative fluoroscopy was required in group A than in group B (P<0.001). The calcaneal width, height, length, Böhler angle, and Gissane angle in each group were significantly improved postoperatively (all P<0.001), although not significantly different in the postoperative comparisons between both groups. The AOFAS scores were slightly superior in group A than in group B (88.3 vs. 86.4, P=0.08). The rate of incidence of postoperative complications was lower in group A than in group B (3.2% vs. 10.8%, respectively; OR, 0.28, 95% CI, 0.03 to 2.84), although there was no significant difference (P=0.337). Conclusions PRHCF showed comparable clinical and radiological outcomes as ORIF, demonstrating it is a safe and effective alternative in treating DIACFs.

This study was to investigate the influence of bone cement implantation on haemodynamics and the preventive effect of epinephrine hydrochloride on pulmonary embolism in elderly patients with cemented semihip replacement. 128 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with (group A, 64 cases) or without (group B, 64 cases) epinephrine hydrochloride saline. The monitoring indicators included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2). The indicators of the two groups were compared before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. Analysis of variance and SNK-q test were used for the statistical analysis. Blood pressure and SPO2 of group B decreased with statistical difference (P < 0.05) and HR increased without statistical significance, comparing with those of group A. In group A, SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, and SPO2 after bone cement implantation did not change significantly at each time point comparing with before implantation (P > 0.05). Bone cement implantation has significant influence on hemodynamics in elderly patients with hemiarthroplasty. Flushing the bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of bone cement pulmonary embolism.

The effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists were examined in epithelia formed in culture by A6 cells, a continuous cell line derived from Xenopus laevis kidney. A6 epithelia have a high electrical resistance and a short-circuit current that is equal to net sodium flux from mucosal to serosal surface. Adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine, and N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine produced concentration-dependent increases in short-circuit current. Stimulation of short-circuit current by 2-chloroadenosine occurred at concentrations of 0.05 microM and above, with half-maximal stimulation occurring at 0.3 microM. 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine was more potent than N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine, the usual order of potency for activation of stimulatory adenosine receptors. Theophylline (100 microM), an adenosine receptor antagonist, reduced the short-circuit current response to adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine by 85-90%. Amiloride, an agent that inhibits both basal and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated short-circuit current in A6 epithelia, completely and reversibly inhibited short-circuit current stimulated by 2-chloroadenosine. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a crude membrane preparation from A6 cells. Stimulation by adenosine was blocked by adenosine deaminase. 2-Chloroadenosine increased cell cAMP accumulation in intact epithelia. The results provide evidence that adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists stimulate adenylate cyclase and active sodium transport in an epithelial cell line of renal origin.

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Objective The treatment methods for posterior wall (PW) in both‐column acetabular fractures are controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare reduction quality, clinical outcomes, and complications of nonfixation for posterior wall fragment and plating via the Kocher–Langenbeck (KL) approach after anterior surgical procedures in both‐column acetabular fractures. Methods Forty‐nine patients with both‐column acetabular fractures associated with PW fixed via iliac fossa and Stoppa approaches from October 2012 to October 2017 were recruited into this study and were divided into two groups: Nonfix group (nonfixation for PW) and KL group (PW plating through the KL approach). Operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, fracture healing, and relevant complications of patients were reviewed. Merle d'Aubigné scores were used for assessing functional outcome. Results The mean blood loss and operation durations were lower in Nonfix group than in KL group (both p < 0.05). The mean hospital stay durations were (18.54 ± 6.42) days and (21.17 ± 7.32) days in groups Nonfix and KL, respectively (p = 0.186). All fractures healed well with no significant difference in union time between the two groups (p = 0.210). The rates of satisfactory reduction were 84.62% (22/26) in Nonfix group and 86.96% (20/23) in KL group (p = 1.000). The mean Merle d'Aubigné scores were 15.62 ± 2.28 in Nonfix group and 16.17 ± 2.19 in KL group (p = 0.388). The complication rates were 7.69% (2/26) in Nonfix group and 34.78% (8/23) in KL group (p = 0.046). Conclusions For both‐column acetabular fractures associated with PW fragment, although fixation of PW was not performed after anterior surgical procedures, satisfactory outcomes could also be obtained. However, nonfixation was a less invasive choice with a lower complication rate.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce a vast spectrum of antifungal metabolites to inhibit fungal growth. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the antifungal effect of isolated Weissella cibaria BYL4.2 on Penicillium chrysogenum, the antifungal activity of W. cibaria BYL4.2 against P. chrysogenum was evaluated by the superposition method, results showed that it had obviously antifungal activity against P. chrysogenum. Studying the probiotic properties of BYL4.2 and determining it as beneficial bacteria. Furtherly, different treatments were carried out to characterize the antifungal activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) produced by W. cibaria BYL4.2, and it was shown that the CFS was pH-dependent, partly heat-sensitive, and was not influenced by proteinaceous treatment. The CFS of W. cibaria BYL4.2 was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found the highest content of lactic acid. Screening of metabolic markers by a non-targeted metabolomics approach based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results speculated that organic acid especially detected D-tartaric acid was the main antifungal substance of CFS, which could cause the down-regulation of metabolites in the ABC transporters pathway, thereby inhibiting the growth of P. chrysogenum. Therefore, this study may provide important information for the inhibitory mechanism of W. cibaria BYL4.2 on P. chrysogenum, and provide a basis for further research on the antifungal effect of Weissella.

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